Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Learning

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Learning Relatively permanent change in an organism that occurs as a result of experiences in the environment    
🗑
Conditioning Systematic procedure through which associations and responses to specific stimuli are learned    
🗑
Reflex Automatic behavior that occurs involuntarily in response to a stimulus and without prior learning and usually shows little variability from instance to instance    
🗑
Classical Conditioning Conditioning process in which an originally neutral stimulus, by repeated pairing with a stimulus that normally elicits a response, comes to elicit a similar or even identical response; aka Pavlovian conditioning    
🗑
Unconditioned Stimulus Stimulus that normally produces a measurable involuntary response    
🗑
Unconditioned Response Unlearned or involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus    
🗑
Conditioned Stimulus Neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response    
🗑
Conditioned Response Response elicited by a conditioned stimulus    
🗑
Higher-order Conditioning Process by which a neutral stimulus takes on conditioned properties through pairing with a conditioned stimulus    
🗑
Extinction (classical conditioning) The procedure of withholding the unconditioned stimulus and presenting the conditioned stimulus alone, which gradually reduces the probability of the conditioned response    
🗑
Spontaneous Recovery Recurrence of an extinguished conditioned response, usually following a rest period    
🗑
Stimulus Generalization Process by which a conditioned response becomes associated with a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus    
🗑
Stimulus Discrimination Process by which an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other stimuli    
🗑
Operant Conditioning Conditioning in which an increase or decrease in the probability that a behavior will recur is affected by the delivery of reinforcement or punishment as a consequence of the behavior;    
🗑
Skinner Box Named for its developer, B.F. Skinner, a box that contains a responding mechanism and a device capable of delivering a consequence to an animal in the box whenever it makes the desired response    
🗑
Shaping Selective reinforcement of behaviors that gradually approach the desired response    
🗑
Reinforcer Any event that increases the probability of a recurrence of the response that preceded it    
🗑
Positive Reinforcement Presentation of a stimulus after a particular response in order to increase the likelihood that the response will recur    
🗑
Negative Reinforcement Removal of a stimulus after a particular response to increase the likelihood that the response will recur    
🗑
Primary Reinforcer Reinforcer that has survival value for an organism; this value does not have to be learned    
🗑
Secondary Reinforcer Any neutral stimulus that initially has no intrinsic value for an organism but that becomes rewarding when linked with a primary reinforcer    
🗑
Superstitious Behavior Behavior learned through coincidental association with reinforcement    
🗑
Punishment Process of presenting an undesirable or noxious stimulus, or removing a desirable stimulus, to decrease the probability that a preceding response will recur    
🗑
Primary Punisher Any stimulus or event that is naturally painful or unpleasant to an organism    
🗑
Secondary Punisher Any neutral stimulus that initially has no intrinsic negative value for an organism but acquires punishing qualities when linked with a primary punisher    
🗑
Learned Helplessness The behavior of giving up or not responding to punishment, exhibited by people or animals exposed to negative consequences or punishment over which they have no control    
🗑
Fixed-interval Schedule A reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer (reward) is delivered after a specified interval of time, provided that the required response occurs at least once in the interval    
🗑
Variable-interval Schedule A reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer (reward) is delivered after predetermined but varying amounts of time, provided that the required response occurs at least once after each interval    
🗑
Fixed-ratio Schedule A reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer(reward) is delivered after a specified number of responses has occurred    
🗑
Variable-ratio Schedule A reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer (reward) is delivered after a predetermined but variable number of responses has occurred    
🗑
Extinction (operant conditioning) The process by which the probability of an organism's emitting a response is reduced when reinforcement no longer follows the response    
🗑
Latent Learning Learning that occurs in the absence of direct reinforcement and that is not necessarily demonstrated through observable behavior    
🗑
Observational Learning Theory Theory that suggests that organisms learn new responses by observing the behavior of a model and then imitating it; aka. Social learning theory    
🗑
aversive conditioning learning involving an unpleasant or harmful stimulus or reinforcer    
🗑
Law of Effect behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are strengthened while behaviors followed by unpleasant consequences are weakened (Thorndike)    
🗑
Premack principle commonly occurring behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior    
🗑
shaping positively reinforcing closer and closer approximation of a desired behavior to teach a new behavior    
🗑
token economy operant training system that uses secondary reinforcers (tokens) to increase appropriate behavior; learners can exchange tokens for desired rewards    
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: doyleqhs