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Animal Structure & Function: The Respiratory System

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Question
Answer
alveolus   a tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged in this sac  
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asthma   a lung disease that causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and overproduction of mucus in the lungs  
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bronchitis   a respiratory disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi; it is classified as either acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant)  
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bronchus   the passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs  
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bronchiole   the passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lung into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes  
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bronchoscopy   a technology for viewing, diagnosing, and treating the tissues and organs of the respiratory system  
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capillary   Any of the branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.  
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carcinoma   a tumour made up of rapidly multiplying cells  
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computed axial tomography   a specialized X ray technique for imaging organs and other tissues in the body; also known as a CAT or CT scan  
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cystic fibrosis   a genetic disease that causes a thick build-up of mucus in the lungs, resulting in infection, inflammation, and damage to the lung tissues  
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diaphragm   a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity  
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diffusion   gradient describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration  
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emphysema   a chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air  
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expiration   the action of releasing waste air from the lungs  
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expiratory reserve volume   the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation  
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gas exchange   the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs  
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glottis   the opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx  
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hemoglobin   an iron containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body  
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inspiration   the action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs  
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inspiratory reserve volume   the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation  
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laryngitis   an inflammation of the larynx that can cause the voice to become raspy or hoarse  
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larynx   the structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal cords  
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metastasis   the spread of cancerous cells from their original site to other parts of the body  
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pharynx   the passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus  
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pneumonia   a disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection  
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residual volume   the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation  
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respiratory system   the group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide  
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respiration   all of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste  
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spirograph   a graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measured by a spirometer  
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two-photon microscopy   a technique that uses photons to form images of living tissue up to a depth of 1 mm  
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tidal volume   the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing  
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tonsillitis   an infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or by bacteria  
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trachea   the tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe  
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ventilation   the process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen containing medium over a respiratory surface  
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vital capacity   the total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath  
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