HEENT
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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head - child key points | head circumfrence---symmetry/shape---facial expression---abn facies
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when do fontanels close | aterior at 10-18 months, posterior at 2 months (book says within first year of life)
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which sinuses are fully developed at birth? | only ethmoid and maxillary . . .others by age 7
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how many deciduous and adult teeth | 20 baby teeth---32 permanent
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gross hearing tests | normal voice ---whisper test---Weber and Rinne
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myopia | nearsightedness, rays focus in front of retina
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hyperpopia | farsightedness - rays focus behind lens
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astigmatism | irregular curvature or cornea causing light scattering, blurred images to retina
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where is only place where blood vessels can be directly observed | the optic fundus (vessels emerge from optic disc)
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damage to CN III | limited actions of sup/inf.medial rectus--> limited ROM up/down/nasal/upper diagonal
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damage to CN VI | innervate lateral rectus for lateral impairment
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damages to CNIV | innervates superior oblique
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hemianopia | visual loss which can be ipsilateral, contralateral
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infant s/b able to fixate by | 2-4 weeks, ---visual following 5-6 weeks---by 1 month follow an object.. .180 degree tracking at 4 months acuity of 20/200 goes to 20/20 by school age
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infant presence of red reflex, which is normal finding | absense may indicate congenital cataracts or retinal detachment
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amblyopia - lazy eye | corneal light reflex, binocular vision cover/uncover test
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strabismus (eyes not properly aligned) | alignment of eye important due to correlation with brain development. may need to correct surgically
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elderly - ectropion | lower lid sags away from globe, punctum no longer in contact to collect tears --> constant tearing
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landmarks for eye assessment | superior, inferior ---left/right temporal
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ptosis (drooping eyelid) s/d assessed as well as | exophthalmos---edema---redness
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children assessed for this btw 4-8 yo | colorblindness
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20/20 values mean | numerator is distance from chart/denominatory is distance for normal person to read chart----the higher the denominator, the WORSE THE FAR VISION
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peripheral vision measured on 2 planes - horizontal/vertical and in 4 directions | superior/inferior---medial/nasal--lateral/temporal
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retina assessment - optic disk diam 1.5cm with cup-to-disk ratio 0.1 - 0.5 and these | macula avascular/darker---vessels (arteries thinner/brighter than veins)---inspect all 4 directions
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corneal light reflex tests extraocular membrane and | determines if eyes being maintained in conjugate position, light should reflect back as sparkle as it reflects off cornea
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cover/uncover test - disconjugate eye movement | gaze should be steady, no drifting
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corneal reflex test tests for | CNs V and VII---pt should blink, some tearing
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consensual reaction is when | we do something to one eye (shine light/constriction) and other eye does the same thing cuz they are working in conjugate
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Created by:
lorrelaws
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