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HEENT

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
head - child key points   head circumfrence---symmetry/shape---facial expression---abn facies  
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when do fontanels close   aterior at 10-18 months, posterior at 2 months (book says within first year of life)  
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which sinuses are fully developed at birth?   only ethmoid and maxillary . . .others by age 7  
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how many deciduous and adult teeth   20 baby teeth---32 permanent  
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gross hearing tests   normal voice ---whisper test---Weber and Rinne  
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myopia   nearsightedness, rays focus in front of retina  
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hyperpopia   farsightedness - rays focus behind lens  
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astigmatism   irregular curvature or cornea causing light scattering, blurred images to retina  
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where is only place where blood vessels can be directly observed   the optic fundus (vessels emerge from optic disc)  
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damage to CN III   limited actions of sup/inf.medial rectus--> limited ROM up/down/nasal/upper diagonal  
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damage to CN VI   innervate lateral rectus for lateral impairment  
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damages to CNIV   innervates superior oblique  
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hemianopia   visual loss which can be ipsilateral, contralateral  
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infant s/b able to fixate by   2-4 weeks, ---visual following 5-6 weeks---by 1 month follow an object.. .180 degree tracking at 4 months acuity of 20/200 goes to 20/20 by school age  
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infant presence of red reflex, which is normal finding   absense may indicate congenital cataracts or retinal detachment  
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amblyopia - lazy eye   corneal light reflex, binocular vision cover/uncover test  
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strabismus (eyes not properly aligned)   alignment of eye important due to correlation with brain development. may need to correct surgically  
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elderly - ectropion   lower lid sags away from globe, punctum no longer in contact to collect tears --> constant tearing  
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landmarks for eye assessment   superior, inferior ---left/right temporal  
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ptosis (drooping eyelid) s/d assessed as well as   exophthalmos---edema---redness  
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children assessed for this btw 4-8 yo   colorblindness  
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20/20 values mean   numerator is distance from chart/denominatory is distance for normal person to read chart----the higher the denominator, the WORSE THE FAR VISION  
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peripheral vision measured on 2 planes - horizontal/vertical and in 4 directions   superior/inferior---medial/nasal--lateral/temporal  
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retina assessment - optic disk diam 1.5cm with cup-to-disk ratio 0.1 - 0.5 and these   macula avascular/darker---vessels (arteries thinner/brighter than veins)---inspect all 4 directions  
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corneal light reflex tests extraocular membrane and   determines if eyes being maintained in conjugate position, light should reflect back as sparkle as it reflects off cornea  
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cover/uncover test - disconjugate eye movement   gaze should be steady, no drifting  
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corneal reflex test tests for   CNs V and VII---pt should blink, some tearing  
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consensual reaction is when   we do something to one eye (shine light/constriction) and other eye does the same thing cuz they are working in conjugate  
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