Pathophysiology - respiratory review
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7 parts to respiratory system | start: nasal cavity, 2. pharynx (3 parts to it), 3.larynx (voicebox) 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi 6. bronchioles 7.Alveoli
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3 parts to pharynx: | naso pharynx, oral pharynx, laryngo-pharynx,.
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Function of: nasal cavity | filters, warms and moistens air
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Increases the surface area in the nasal cavity | 3 Concha bones
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function of: nasopharynx | air pathway: soft pallet makes sure food doesn't get into it
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function of: oral pharynx | food and air travel
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function of laryngo-pharynx | connects to voicebox; epiglottis prevents food from entering
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larynx is continual with the | trachea
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The trachea stops superiorly to the esophagus at the | carina
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trachea bifurcates to the | Bronchi
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How many lobes and which side (lungs) | 3 on the right and 2 on the left (because of the heart)
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How many bronchi and where do they go | right and left bronchi each will enter each lung
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Tinier air passageways in the lungs | Bronchioles
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Has a lot of smooth muscle bronchi or bronchioles | Bronchioles ; so they are able to expand and contract
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constriction in your lungs, | concerns the bronchioles
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millions of air sacs | alveoli
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one cell layer thick | alveoli
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easily collapse from moisture in the lungs | alveioli
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the molecule produced to prevent the alveoli from collapsing | surfactant
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where does gas exchange take place in the lungs | capillary network
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Surround the alveoli and gas exchange occurs very quickly | capillaries
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what are the gases in the exchange | oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Explain law of diffusion | gas will travel from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration until equal
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oxygen pathway | nasal cavity,pharynx, larynx, trachea,bronchi,bronchioles, alveoli
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carbon dioxide pathway | alveioli, bronchioles, bronchi,trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity
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Blood flow from the right side of the heart is making its way into the | pulmonary capillary
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Very little oxygen is here | capillary
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A lot of oxygen is here | alveoli; diffuses into the capillary
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diffusion processes until it is | equal
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the only vein that is oxygenated | pulmonary vein
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takes up the most room in the thoracic cavity except for media-stinum | lungs
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where the heart and trachea is and the lungs surround it | media-stinum
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what attaches the lungs to the diaphragm and rib cage | parietal pleura (the outer part)
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what pleura are actually on the lungs | visceraol
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the space between the pleura holds | serous fluid
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four parts of respiration | breathing: inspiration and exhalation 2.external respiration (gas exchange in the lungs -alveoli) 3. internal respiration (takes place in every cell. 4.cellular respiration
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equation of cellular respiration is | glucose+oxygen=ATP=carbon dioxide + H2O
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atmospheric concentration of oxygen | 152mm (mercury)
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Concentration of o2 in the alveoli | 105mm (mercury)
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concentration of o2 in the pulmonary capillaries is | 40mm(mercury)
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the value of co2 is directly related to | hydrogen ion concentration
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the goal is to respire by | diffusion;not use energy to breathe
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co2 can build in the tissue to about | 60mmhg
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concentration of co2 in the pulmonary capillaries is | 47mm
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concentration of co2 in the alveoli is | 35mm
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if you have more hydrogen ions (CO2 buildup) ; you would be | acidic
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If you become acidic , this would be a drop in your | pH balance
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Boyle's Law | pressure and volume are inversely proportional. P1V1=P2V2
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P1V1=P2V2 | Boyle's Law
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Find X if it = V2 using Boyle's Law P1=6,V1=5,P2 =10 | 6*5=10X, 30/10=10X/10, 3=X
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According to Boyle's Law, if you increase the pressure you | decrease the volume
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two main ways to change the volume in the thoracic cavity | using the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
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when you contract the diaphragm | it flattens
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when the diaphragm contracts it increases_______and decreases _________so that _______goes in | increasing volume, decreases pressure, so that oxygen goes in
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the intercostal spaces allows for | inhalation
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inhalation increases ______and decreases _______ | increases volume, decreases pressure
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the lungs are spongy _______tissue | connective
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