Terms One
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Electroencephalogram | a recording of the electrical activity of the brain, most often recording the cerebral cortex
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Spirometry | any procedure used to measure a person's ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system
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Chemotherapy | the use of chemicals to kill cells within the body
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Pharmacological | the use of drugs to treat disease
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Palliative | any form of treatment that relieves signs and symptoms without curing a disease
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Prognosis | a prediction of the likely outcome or consequences of having a disease
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Sequela | a consequence of a previous disease
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Complications | a morbid process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it
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Terminal | a disease likely to cause death
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Trauma | the transfer of a harmful amount of energy. Energy maybe mechanical, electrical, radiation or thermal
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Deficiency | lacking in something essential
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Intoxication | being exposed to a toxic level of something
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Hypertrophy | to increase in size
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Atrophy | to decrease in size
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Hyperplasia | an increase in the rate of mitosis and therefore cell number
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Metaplasia | a change in cell or tissue structure
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Dysplasia | irregular cell or tissue structure, often considered a potentially cancerous change
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Neoplasia | growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. Benign or malignant
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Inflammation | a protective response of tissue to injury or infection causes an increase in blood flow and pain in affected region, as well as leukocytosis
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Pyrogens | chemicals that cause a fever
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Leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBC to more than 10,000 per mm3. WBC 15,000-25,000 occurs as result of infection, inflammation or hemorrhage
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Exudate | the excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. contains a high level of proteins and neutrophils when compared to normal tissue fluid.
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Serous exudate | a thin, clear, water fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation
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Purulent exudate | a thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Pus
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Suppurative inflammation | a response to injury or infection that leads to the production of pus
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Regeneration | replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition
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Repair | replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue
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Adhesions | the binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue
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Keloid scarring | the over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful
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Contracture | the shortening of scar tissue over time or the shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes
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Stenosis | the narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intestine, a blood vessel or a heart valve
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Sclerosis | process of hardening results from scar formation or accumulation of plaque
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Necrosis | tissue death
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Prodromal stage | an early stage in development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy
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Anaphylaxis | a severe, systemic allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
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Immunosurveillance | the immune system's constant search for an antigen
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Immunotolerance | the immune system's ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues within the body
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Incubation | the development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until the appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms
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Acute stage | the time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop
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Benign | a nonmalignant neoplasm
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Malignant | a cancerous neoplasm
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Pathology | the study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death
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Pathophysiology | the study of how disease affects body function
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Health | having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions
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Disease | being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions
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Etiology | the study of the cause of a disease
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Genetic | a disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene
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Congenital | a disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth
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Acquired | a disease, condition, or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during your life
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Idiopathic | without a clearly identified cause
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Signs | evidence of disease that is objective and can be seen, measured or recorded
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Symptoms | evidence of disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured or recorded
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Pathogenesis | the events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses
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Acute | a disease that develops and resolve rapidly
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Chronic | a disease that develops gradually and last three months or longer
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Remission | the lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease
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Exacerbation | an increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs or symptoms
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Local | a condition that is confined to one area
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Systemic | a condition that affects the entire body
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Endoscopy | a procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body
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Radiodensity | the ability of an object to stop or slow radiation
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X-rays | a visual recording of differences in radiodensity of anatomical structures
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Contrast x-rays | x-rays that utilize a contrast media to increase radiodensity of selected fluids within the body producing an image of the structures containing the fluid
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Ultrasound | a visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects within the body
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Electrocardiograms | a recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system
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Angiogenesis | the development of new blood vessels especially capillaries
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Tumor Markers | proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person's blood
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Carcinoma | a malignancy that originates in epithelial tissue
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Sarcoma | a malignancy that originates in connective tissue
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Glioma | a malignancy that originates within the tissue of the CNS
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Carcinogenesis | the process of developing a malignant neoplasm
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Initiators (of cancer) | carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activation oncogenes
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Promoters (of cancer) | carcinogens that decrease the body's ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes
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