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diabetes terms

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Question
Answer
continuous glucose monitoring system CGMS   device worn 72hrs. monitors glucose. data analyzed for glucose patterns to tailor treatment  
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continuous subq insulin infusion / insulin pump   device worn, delivers basal insulin. Pt can bolus before eating attempt mimic normal pancreatic fxn  
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diabetic mellitus   group of metabolic diseases characterized by HYPERglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both  
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diabetic ketoacidosis DKA   metabolic derangement in type1, results from insulin deficiency. Acidic ketone bodies formed, resulting in acidosis. Requires hospitalization. Caused by non-adherence, illness, or infection  
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fasting plasma glucose FPG   blood glucose obtained after at least 8hr fast  
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gestational diabetes mellitus GDM   any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy  
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glycated hemoglobin glycosylated hemoblobin Hgb A OR A1C   long term measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120days)  
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Goal of diabetes therapy   normal to near normal level of glycated hemoglobin, the same as in the non-diabetic pt  
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hyperglycemia   elevated blood glucose level fasting >110 mg/dL 2hr postprandial >140mg/dL  
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hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic sysdrome HHNS   metabolic disorder of DM2 resulting from insulin deficiency and demand for insulin; assoc. w/ polyuria & severe dehydration  
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postprandial   following a meal  
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hypoglycemia   low blood glucose level <60mg/dL  
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impaired fasting glucose (IFG) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (risk factors for diabetes & CVD)   metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and biabetes; now referred to as PREDIABETES  
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insulin   hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats; insulind deficiency results in DM  
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islet cell transplantation   investigational procedure, purified cadaver islet cells injected into the liver portal vein; hopes to secrete insulin and cure type1 diabeted  
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ketone   highly acidic substance formed when liver breaks down free fatty acids in absence of insulin; (byproduct of fat breakdown) resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis  
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medical nutrition therapy MNT   nutritional therapy prescribed for mgt of diabetes  
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nephropathy   lont term complication of diabetes. kidney cells damaged. early stages microalbuminuria, progressing to end stage renal disease  
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neuropathy   long term complication of diabetes resulting from damage to nerve cell  
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prediabetes   impaired glucose metabolism. betweeen normal and diabetic. included IFG / IGT (risk factors for DM & CVD)  
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retinopathy   long term complication of diabetes. ocular microvascular system damaged  
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self monitoring blood glucose SMBG   method of capillary blood glucose testing / finger stick  
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sulfonylurea   classification of oral antibiabetic med for type II DM. stimulates insulin secretion & action  
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thiazolidinedione   class of oral antidiabetic med reduces insulin resistance enhances insulin action w/out directly stimulating insulin secretion  
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type 1(I) DM (insulin dependent DM) (juvenile DM)   ABSENCE of insulin production/secretion from autoimmune destruction of beta cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas  
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type 2(II) DM (non-insulin dependent DM) (adult onset DM)   deficiency of insulin production decreased insulin action and increased insulin resistance  
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glycosuria   glucose in urine  
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metabolic syndrome 'prediabetes' 'syndrome x'   to overcome insulin resistance & prevent glucose buildup increased amounts of insulin secreted to maintain normal level  
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insulinemia   excessive insulin production  
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