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CH 5 Chemistry Vocab

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Question
Answer
atomic orbital   a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron  
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photon   a quantam of light, a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that interacts with matter similarly to particles  
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pauli exclusion principle   an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction  
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hund's rule   electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible  
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electromagnetic radiation   energy waves that travel in a vacuum at a speed of 2.998 X 10^8 m/s; includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultravioleet waves, X-rays, and gamma rays  
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heisenberg uncertainty principle   it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time  
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quantam   the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another  
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electron configurations   the arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms  
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wavelength   the distance between adjacent crests of a wave  
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amplitude   the height of a wave's crest  
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ground state   the lowest possible energy of an atom described by quantam mechanics  
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quantam mechanical model   the modern description, primarily mathematical, of the behavior of electrons in atoms  
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frequency   the number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time  
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atomic emission spectrum   the pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains  
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aufbau principle   the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first  
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energy levels   the specific energies an electron in an atom or other system can have  
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hertz   the unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second  
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spectrum   wavelengths of visible light that are separated when a beam of light passes through a prism; range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation  
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