Emergence of the German Empire and the Alliance Systems
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Three Emperors' League | 1873. Consisted of Russia, Germany, and Austria. Collapsed because of rivalry between Russia and Austria
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Slavic revolts | Turkish rule was failing in the Ottoman empire. Slavs were supported by Serbia and Montenegro.
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Russian Intervention | Russia wanted to conquer land from Ottoman empire. Slavs wanted unity under Russian protection.
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Treaty of San Stefano of March 1878 | Ottoman empire sued for peace.
Freed Slavs from Ottoman rule and Russia gained land and money.
Russia's benefits alarmed other countries.
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Jingoism | Super patriotism
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Congress of Berlin | June and July 1878. Britain and Austria met with Russia to discuss the gains from San Stefano. Lead by Bismarck. Designed to recognize Germany and confirm that it wanted nothing from the Empire.
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Results of the Congress of Berlin | Other nations were encouraged to occupy or given Ottoman lands, excluding Germany. This caused resentment from Russia and the end of the Three Emperors' League.
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Secret Treaty | Between Austria and Germany 1879. One would aid the other if Russia attacked. Lasted until 1918
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Reinsurance Treaty of 1887 | Germany and Russia would remain neutral if attacked.
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William II | King of Germany 1888. Ambitious, Militant, believed in Divine Right.
Had several disputes with Bismarck, dismissing him 1890.
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General Leo von Caprivi | Succeeded Bismarck. Ended Reinsurance treaty because he felt incompetent to keep up Bismarck's policies
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Franco-Russian alliance | 1894, Formed to protect against Germany.
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German and British conflict | Germany was made the enemy by Britain because they envied their commerce. Germany wanted to ally with Britain for military reasons
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German naval formation | 1898- Gained 19 battleships
1900- 38 ships
Formed in hopes to damage British navy but failed
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Entente Cordiale | 1904. Several agreements with Britain and France to settle colonial differences between them.
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Moroccan Crisis | 1905- William II landed at Tangier and challenged French power by asserting Germany's part of Morocco.
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Congress of 1906 | Another attempt to display German power. Supported by Austria, but Spain voted for France-Britain. Brought France and Britain closer
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1907 | Britain and Russia conclude agreements and essentially become allies. France, Russia, and Britain become Triple Entente.
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