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Skeletal System

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Question
Answer
The function of the skeletal system is to provide the structural _________ for the body   Support  
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The Skeletal system allows ___________ by providing attachment sites for muscles   Movement  
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The skeletal system provides _________ for some of the internal organs   Protection  
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The name for blood formation is   Hemopoiesis  
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Hemopoiesis is the name for ______ formation   Blood  
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Blood is produced in the ____ bone marrow   Red  
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Red bone marrow produces ______ cells   Blood  
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Hemopoiesis occurs in ____ bones and in the _________ of long bones   Flat, Epiphysis  
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The functions of the skeletal system are- provides framework, movement, protection, hemopoiesis and ________ storage   Calcium  
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The hormones responsible for calcium level maintenance in the blood are ________ & _________ hormone   Calcitonin & Parathyroid hormone  
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________ is essential for many body functions including clotting & muscle & nerve function   Calcium  
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Bone tissue is made of ____________ tissue   Connective  
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Bone cells are called   Osteocytes  
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Bone tissue contains osteocytes & ______   Matrix  
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Osteocytes are _____ cells   Bone  
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Bone tissue matrix is made of ________ salts & ________   Calcium & collagen  
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Calcium salts & collagen make up the ______ of bone tissue   matrix  
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There are __ types of bone tissue   two  
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The two types of bone tissue are _______ & ______   Compact & spongy  
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Another name for Compact bone is _______ bone   Cortical  
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Compact bone is made up of columns called Osteons or _________ _________   Haversian Systems  
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Concentric rings surround a _________ canal   Haversian  
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A haversian canal is surrounded by ___________ rings   Concentric  
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Haversian canals contain ______ vessels   blood  
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Osteocytes are in the spaces called   Licunae  
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Osteocytes communicate via __________   Canaliculi  
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Canaliculi are how __________ communicate   Osteocytes  
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Spongy bone is also called __________ bone   Cancellous  
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Spongy bone is very _______   porous  
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_______ bone is very porous   Spongy  
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______ bone does not have haversian systems   spongy  
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Spongy bone does not have _________ systems   haversian  
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___________ regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix   Osteocytes  
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Bone ______ is made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate   matrix  
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The 4 classifications of bones are Long, ______, flat & _________   Short, irregular  
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There are __ classifications (shapes) of bones   four  
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____ bones are longer than they are wide   Long  
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Examples of long bones are the   Femur, humerus, tibia, ulna, radius, fibula (any of these)  
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The parts of a long bone are the Diaphysis, Metaphysis, & __________   Epiphysis  
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The diaphysis is also called the   shaft  
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The shaft of a long bone is called the   Diaphysis  
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The ends of long bones are called the   epiphysis  
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The metaphysis is between the epiphysis and the   diaphysis  
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The metaphysis contains the growth plate called the _________ _____   epiphyseal disc  
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The marrow canal of a long bone is called the   Medullary  
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The medullary is also known as the _______ canal   marrow  
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The medullary canal contains _______ bone marrow   yellow  
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Yellow bone marrow is mostly made up of _______ tissue   adipose  
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_____ bones are about the same length as width   short  
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Carpals and Tarsals are examples of _____ bones   short  
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The skull, ribs and ilia are examples of _____ bones   flat  
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Vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ________ bones   irregular  
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Examples of flat bones are the _____, ____ & ilia   skull & ribs  
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Examples of irregular bones are _______ & ______ bones   vertebrae & facial  
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Short, flat, and irregular bones are all made of ______ bone covered with a thin layer of ______ bone   Spongy, compact  
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Long bones are made of mostly ______ bone   compact  
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________ cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of synovial joints   Articular  
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Articular cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of ________ joints   synovial  
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Articular cartilage is very ______ to reduce _______   smooth, friction  
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___________ is the fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone   Periosteum  
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Periosteum is the fibrous connective tissue that covers _____   Bone  
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_________ fibers merge with ligaments and tendons to attach them to the bone   Periosteum  
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Periosteum fibers merge with _________ and ______ to attach them to bone   Ligaments and tendons  
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The ___________ of a bone contains blood vessels and nerves   periosteum  
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The ___________ contains osteoblasts that become active after injury   periosteum  
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The periosteum contains __________ that become active after injury   osteoblasts  
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During embryonic growth, the skeleton is a template/model of _______ or _____ _________ tissue   cartilage or fibrous connective tissue  
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In embryonic bone growth there are __ types of bone development   two  
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The two types of embryonic bone growth are _____________ ossification & _____________ossification   intramembranous, endochondral  
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Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are the two types of _________ ____ growth   embryonic bone  
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Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called   ossification  
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Epiphyseal discs close between age 16-25 under the influence of ________ or _________   estrogen or testosterone  
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__________ break down bone by resorption   Osteoclasts  
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Osteoclasts break down bone by _________   resorption  
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Osteoclasts function in maintenance and _______ of bone   repair  
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The condition of decreased bone matrix which causes weakness and a higher potential for fracture is called   Osteoporosis  
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The skeleton has __ divisions   two  
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The two divisions of the skeleton are   Axial and appendicular  
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The _____ skeleton forms the axis of the body   axial  
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The skull, spine and rib cages form the _____ skeleton   axial  
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The _________ skeleton forms the appendages and girdles   appendicular  
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The appendicular skeleton forms the _______ and ______   appendages and girdles  
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__________ are fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone   Ligaments  
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Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connects ______ to ______   bone to bone  
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Ligaments are _______ connective tissue that connects bone to bone   fibrous  
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_______ attach muscles to bone   Tendons  
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Tendons attach _______ to bone   muscle  
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A foramen is a ____ or ________   hole or opening  
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A hole or opening is called a ________   foramen  
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A depression or dent is called a ______   Fossa  
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A fossa is a ________ or ____   depression or dent  
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A crest is a _____ or ____   ridge or edge  
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A _____ is a ridge or edge   crest  
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A meatus is a ______ or __________   tunnel or passageway  
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A ______ is a tunnel or passageway   meatus  
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A process is a __________ or something that sticks out   Projection  
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A _______ is a projection or something that sticks out   process  
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A ____ is a flat projection   Facet  
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A facet is a flat __________   projection  
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A condyle is a _________ projection   rounded  
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A _____ is a rounded projection   condyle  
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A plate is a flat ________   projection  
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A _____ is a flat projection   plate  
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A tubercle is a _____ projection   round  
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A ______ is a round projection   tubercle  
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A tuberosity is a _______ projection   round  
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A ________ is a round projection   tuberosity  
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The skull contains _ cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 6 auditory bones, and the hyoid bone   eight  
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The cranial bones surround the _______ and protect it and the eyes and ears   brain  
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The _______ bones surround the brain and protect it and the eyes and ears   cranial  
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The eight cranial bones are the frontal b., parietal b., temporal b., ________ b., sphenoid b., and the ethmoid b.   occipital  
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The joints of the skull are called _______   sutures  
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Sutures are ____________ joints   immovable  
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The coronal suture is between the ______ and _______ bones   Frontal and parietal  
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The squamosal suture is between the _______ and _______ bones   parietal and temporal  
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The Lambdoidal suture is between the _______ and ______ bones   Parietal and accipital  
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The sagittal suture is between _______ bones   Parietal  
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The mandible is the ______ ____ bone   lower jaw  
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The ________ is the lower jaw bone   mandible  
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The maxillae are the _____ ___ bones   upper jaw  
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The ________ are the upper jaw bones   Maxillae  
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The nasal bone forms the ______ of the nose   bridge  
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The _____ bone forms the bridge of the nose   nasal  
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The lacrimal bone forms the medial _____ of the ____   orbit of the eye  
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The ______ bone forms the medial orbit of the eye   lacrimal  
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The zygomatic bones form the _____ bones of the face   cheek  
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The __________ bones form the cheek bones of the face   zygomatic  
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The palatine bones form the _________ part of the hard palate   posterior  
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The _________ bones form the posterior part of the hard palate   palatine  
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The vomer forms the lower part of the ______ ______   nasal septum  
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The ______ forms the lower part of the nasal septum   vomer  
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The vertebral column is also called the ______, ______ column or backbone   spine, spinal  
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The _________ _______ is also called the spine, spinal column or backbone   vertebral column  
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There are _ cervical vertebrae   seven  
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There are seven _______ vertebrae   cervical  
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There are __ thoracic vertebrae   twelve  
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There are twelve _________ vertebrae   thoracic  
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There are __ lumbar vertebrae   five  
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There are __ fused vertebrae in the sacrum   five  
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There are _-_ fused vertebrae in the coccyx   4-5  
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The ____ of the vertebra is the weight bearing part   body  
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The ______ process of a vertebra is the posterior projection   Spinous  
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The spinous process of a vertebra is the ________ projection   posterior  
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The ________ processes of a vertebra are the lateral projections   Transverse  
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The transverse processes of a vertebra are the _______ projections   lateral  
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The normal curves of the spine curve _________ to posterior   anterior  
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The curves of the cervical and lumbar spine are called   Lordosis  
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The curves of the thoracic and sacral spine are called   Kyphosis  
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_______ curves of the spine are NOT normal   Lateral  
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Lateral curves of the spine is called _________ if greater than 15 degrees   Scoliosis  
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The rib cage has __ pairs of ribs and a sternum   twelve  
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The sternum has three parts, the ___________, body, and _________ process   manubrium, xiphoid  
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The manubrium is the ___ part of the sternum   top  
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The main part of the sternum is also called the   gladiolum  
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Ribs 1-7 are called _____ ribs   true  
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True ribs articulate directly with the   sternum  
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Ribs 8-10 are called ______ ribs   false  
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Ribs 11 & 12 are called ________ ribs   floating  
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Floating ribs do not articulate with the ________   sternum  
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The shoulder girdle attaches the ___ to the axial skeleton   arm  
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The shoulder girdle includes the _______ & _______   scapula & clavicle  
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The scapula is also known as the ________ _____   shoulder blade  
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The ________ fossa is the lateral depression for the head of the humerus   glenoid  
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The ________ process is the attachment for bicipital tendons   Coracoid  
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The ___________ process attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint   Acromicon  
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The ________ is the long bone of the upper arm   humerus  
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The _______ tubercle is the attachment of the deltoid muscle to the humerus   deltoid  
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The distal end of the humerus articulates with the ____ to form a hinge joint and the _____ to form a pivot joint   Ulna, radius  
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The _____ articulates with the head of the radius   Capitulum  
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The capitulum articulates with the head of the   radius  
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The ________ articulates with the semilunar notch of the ulna   trochlea  
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The trochlea articulates with the semilunar notch of the   ulna  
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The olecranon process is the bump that we call our   elbow  
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The _______ is the lateral of the two forearm bones   radius  
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The radius bone allows for pronation and _________ of the hand   supination  
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The ______ bone allows for pronation and supination of the hand   radius  
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The _______ are the eight wrist bones   carpals  
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The carpals of the wrist form a ______ joint   gliding  
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____________ are the long bones of the hand   Metacarpals  
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The carpal to thumb phalange joint is a ________ joint   saddle  
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_________ are the finger bones   Phalanges  
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The pelvic girdle is also known as   the pelvis  
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The bones of the pelvis are the ______, ______, & _______   pubis, ischium, & ilium  
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Female pelvises are _______ than males   wider  
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The ___________ is the socket for the head of the femur   acetabulum  
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The ______ is the long bone of the thigh   femur  
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The _______ trochanter is the lateral projection on the proximal end of the femur   greater  
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The greater ________ anchors the abductors to the femur   trochanter  
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The _______ trochanter is the medial projection on the proximal end of the femur   lesser  
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the lesser ________ anchors the extensors and adductors to the femur   trochanter  
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The patella is also know as the ________   kneecap  
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The kneecap is also known as the ________   patella  
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The _____ is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg   tibia  
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The anterior crest forms the _____ _________ (ridge on the front of the leg)   tibial tuberosity  
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The medial malleolus is better known as the   ankle  
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The ______ is the non=weight-bearing bone of the lower leg   fibula  
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The _______ are the seven ankle bones   tarsals  
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The tarsals are the seven bones of the   ankle  
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The proper name for the heel bone is   calcaneus  
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The calcaneus is the largest ______ bone   tarsal  
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The foot bones are the ____________   metatarsals  
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The metatarsals are the long ____ bones   foot  
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The proper name for the big toe is the   hallux  
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The hallux is the proper name for the   big/great toe  
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Joints are classified based on amount of   movement  
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Synarthrosis joints are ___________ joints   immobile  
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Cranial and facial sutures are examples of ___________ joints   synarthrosis  
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Amphiarthrosis joints are ________ ________ joints   slightly movable  
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The pubic symphysis is an example of a _____________ joint   amphiarthrosis  
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Diarthrosis joints are __________ ________ joints   freely movable  
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Shoulder, knee and elbow joints are examples of _________ joints   Diarthrosis  
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All synovial joints are __________ joints   diarthrosis  
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All diarthrosis joints are _______ joints   synovial  
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A ______ is a sac of synovial fluid that provides cushion in a synovial joint   bursa  
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Synovial joints have a _________ membrane that lines the capsule   synovial  
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Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid to __________ & _______ the cartilage   lubricate & nourish  
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_________ cartilage is on the joint surface of each bone   Hyaline  
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Hyaline cartilage is on the ______ ______ of each bone   joint surface  
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The type of bone that is made of osteons is ________ bones   compact  
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The type of bone that is NOT made of osteons is ________ bones   spongy  
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Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ________ bone   Spongy  
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The shafts of long bones are made primarily of ________ bone   compact  
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Compact bone forms the ______ of a long bone   diaphysis  
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Bone tissue is made of cells called _________ and the non-living part is called the ______   osteocytes, matrix  
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Bone matrix is made primarily of ________ salts & phosphorus   calcium  
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New bone matrix for growth is produced by cells called   osteoblasts  
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Reabsorption of bone matrix is the function of cells called   osteoclasts  
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The function of osteoclasts is to reabsorb bone ______   matrix  
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Red bone marrow produces _____, _____,& _____   RBC's, WBC's, & platelets  
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All kinds of blood cells are produced in the _____ bone marrow   Red  
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Yellow bone marrow found in the diaphysis of long bones is mostly ______ tissue   adipose  
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The embryonic cranial bones are first made of ________ __________ tissue   fibrous connective  
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Compression of a baby's head during birth is permitted by the presence of _______ between cranial bones   fontanels  
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The nutrient needed to absorb calcium is   vitamin D  
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Two vitamins necessary for the calcification process in growing bones are vitamin _ & _   A & C  
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Protein in the diet is needed to form the _____ in the bone matrix of a growing child   collagen  
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The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is ___________ hormone   parathyroid  
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The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is   calcitonin  
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The hormones that promote the closure of the epiphyseal discs are _______ & ________   estrogen & testoterone  
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The hormone that contributes to bone growth by increasing the rate of mitosis is   growth hormone  
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The skull is made lighter by the presence of _______ in some of the bones   sinuses  
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The heart, liver and lungs are protected from mechanical injury by the   rib cage  
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The mandible and temporal bones form a ______ joint   condyloid  
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Of condyloid, gliding and symphysis joints, __________ is the one that is NOT a synovial joint   symphysis  
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