Skeletal System
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The function of the skeletal system is to provide the structural _________ for the body | Support
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The Skeletal system allows ___________ by providing attachment sites for muscles | Movement
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The skeletal system provides _________ for some of the internal organs | Protection
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The name for blood formation is | Hemopoiesis
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Hemopoiesis is the name for ______ formation | Blood
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Blood is produced in the ____ bone marrow | Red
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Red bone marrow produces ______ cells | Blood
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Hemopoiesis occurs in ____ bones and in the _________ of long bones | Flat, Epiphysis
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The functions of the skeletal system are- provides framework, movement, protection, hemopoiesis and ________ storage | Calcium
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The hormones responsible for calcium level maintenance in the blood are ________ & _________ hormone | Calcitonin & Parathyroid hormone
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________ is essential for many body functions including clotting & muscle & nerve function | Calcium
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Bone tissue is made of ____________ tissue | Connective
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Bone cells are called | Osteocytes
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Bone tissue contains osteocytes & ______ | Matrix
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Osteocytes are _____ cells | Bone
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Bone tissue matrix is made of ________ salts & ________ | Calcium & collagen
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Calcium salts & collagen make up the ______ of bone tissue | matrix
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There are __ types of bone tissue | two
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The two types of bone tissue are _______ & ______ | Compact & spongy
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Another name for Compact bone is _______ bone | Cortical
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Compact bone is made up of columns called Osteons or _________ _________ | Haversian Systems
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Concentric rings surround a _________ canal | Haversian
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A haversian canal is surrounded by ___________ rings | Concentric
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Haversian canals contain ______ vessels | blood
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Osteocytes are in the spaces called | Licunae
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Osteocytes communicate via __________ | Canaliculi
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Canaliculi are how __________ communicate | Osteocytes
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Spongy bone is also called __________ bone | Cancellous
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Spongy bone is very _______ | porous
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_______ bone is very porous | Spongy
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______ bone does not have haversian systems | spongy
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Spongy bone does not have _________ systems | haversian
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___________ regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix | Osteocytes
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Bone ______ is made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate | matrix
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The 4 classifications of bones are Long, ______, flat & _________ | Short, irregular
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There are __ classifications (shapes) of bones | four
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____ bones are longer than they are wide | Long
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Examples of long bones are the | Femur, humerus, tibia, ulna, radius, fibula (any of these)
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The parts of a long bone are the Diaphysis, Metaphysis, & __________ | Epiphysis
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The diaphysis is also called the | shaft
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The shaft of a long bone is called the | Diaphysis
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The ends of long bones are called the | epiphysis
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The metaphysis is between the epiphysis and the | diaphysis
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The metaphysis contains the growth plate called the _________ _____ | epiphyseal disc
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The marrow canal of a long bone is called the | Medullary
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The medullary is also known as the _______ canal | marrow
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The medullary canal contains _______ bone marrow | yellow
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Yellow bone marrow is mostly made up of _______ tissue | adipose
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_____ bones are about the same length as width | short
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Carpals and Tarsals are examples of _____ bones | short
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The skull, ribs and ilia are examples of _____ bones | flat
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Vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ________ bones | irregular
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Examples of flat bones are the _____, ____ & ilia | skull & ribs
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Examples of irregular bones are _______ & ______ bones | vertebrae & facial
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Short, flat, and irregular bones are all made of ______ bone covered with a thin layer of ______ bone | Spongy, compact
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Long bones are made of mostly ______ bone | compact
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________ cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of synovial joints | Articular
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Articular cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of ________ joints | synovial
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Articular cartilage is very ______ to reduce _______ | smooth, friction
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___________ is the fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone | Periosteum
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Periosteum is the fibrous connective tissue that covers _____ | Bone
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_________ fibers merge with ligaments and tendons to attach them to the bone | Periosteum
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Periosteum fibers merge with _________ and ______ to attach them to bone | Ligaments and tendons
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The ___________ of a bone contains blood vessels and nerves | periosteum
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The ___________ contains osteoblasts that become active after injury | periosteum
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The periosteum contains __________ that become active after injury | osteoblasts
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During embryonic growth, the skeleton is a template/model of _______ or _____ _________ tissue | cartilage or fibrous connective tissue
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In embryonic bone growth there are __ types of bone development | two
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The two types of embryonic bone growth are _____________ ossification & _____________ossification | intramembranous, endochondral
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Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are the two types of _________ ____ growth | embryonic bone
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Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called | ossification
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Epiphyseal discs close between age 16-25 under the influence of ________ or _________ | estrogen or testosterone
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__________ break down bone by resorption | Osteoclasts
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Osteoclasts break down bone by _________ | resorption
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Osteoclasts function in maintenance and _______ of bone | repair
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The condition of decreased bone matrix which causes weakness and a higher potential for fracture is called | Osteoporosis
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The skeleton has __ divisions | two
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The two divisions of the skeleton are | Axial and appendicular
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The _____ skeleton forms the axis of the body | axial
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The skull, spine and rib cages form the _____ skeleton | axial
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The _________ skeleton forms the appendages and girdles | appendicular
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The appendicular skeleton forms the _______ and ______ | appendages and girdles
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__________ are fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone | Ligaments
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Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connects ______ to ______ | bone to bone
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Ligaments are _______ connective tissue that connects bone to bone | fibrous
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_______ attach muscles to bone | Tendons
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Tendons attach _______ to bone | muscle
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A foramen is a ____ or ________ | hole or opening
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A hole or opening is called a ________ | foramen
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A depression or dent is called a ______ | Fossa
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A fossa is a ________ or ____ | depression or dent
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A crest is a _____ or ____ | ridge or edge
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A _____ is a ridge or edge | crest
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A meatus is a ______ or __________ | tunnel or passageway
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A ______ is a tunnel or passageway | meatus
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A process is a __________ or something that sticks out | Projection
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A _______ is a projection or something that sticks out | process
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A ____ is a flat projection | Facet
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A facet is a flat __________ | projection
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A condyle is a _________ projection | rounded
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A _____ is a rounded projection | condyle
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A plate is a flat ________ | projection
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A _____ is a flat projection | plate
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A tubercle is a _____ projection | round
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A ______ is a round projection | tubercle
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A tuberosity is a _______ projection | round
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A ________ is a round projection | tuberosity
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The skull contains _ cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 6 auditory bones, and the hyoid bone | eight
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The cranial bones surround the _______ and protect it and the eyes and ears | brain
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The _______ bones surround the brain and protect it and the eyes and ears | cranial
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The eight cranial bones are the frontal b., parietal b., temporal b., ________ b., sphenoid b., and the ethmoid b. | occipital
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The joints of the skull are called _______ | sutures
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Sutures are ____________ joints | immovable
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The coronal suture is between the ______ and _______ bones | Frontal and parietal
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The squamosal suture is between the _______ and _______ bones | parietal and temporal
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The Lambdoidal suture is between the _______ and ______ bones | Parietal and accipital
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The sagittal suture is between _______ bones | Parietal
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The mandible is the ______ ____ bone | lower jaw
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The ________ is the lower jaw bone | mandible
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The maxillae are the _____ ___ bones | upper jaw
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The ________ are the upper jaw bones | Maxillae
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The nasal bone forms the ______ of the nose | bridge
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The _____ bone forms the bridge of the nose | nasal
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The lacrimal bone forms the medial _____ of the ____ | orbit of the eye
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The ______ bone forms the medial orbit of the eye | lacrimal
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The zygomatic bones form the _____ bones of the face | cheek
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The __________ bones form the cheek bones of the face | zygomatic
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The palatine bones form the _________ part of the hard palate | posterior
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The _________ bones form the posterior part of the hard palate | palatine
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The vomer forms the lower part of the ______ ______ | nasal septum
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The ______ forms the lower part of the nasal septum | vomer
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The vertebral column is also called the ______, ______ column or backbone | spine, spinal
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The _________ _______ is also called the spine, spinal column or backbone | vertebral column
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There are _ cervical vertebrae | seven
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There are seven _______ vertebrae | cervical
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There are __ thoracic vertebrae | twelve
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There are twelve _________ vertebrae | thoracic
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There are __ lumbar vertebrae | five
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There are __ fused vertebrae in the sacrum | five
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There are _-_ fused vertebrae in the coccyx | 4-5
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The ____ of the vertebra is the weight bearing part | body
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The ______ process of a vertebra is the posterior projection | Spinous
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The spinous process of a vertebra is the ________ projection | posterior
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The ________ processes of a vertebra are the lateral projections | Transverse
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The transverse processes of a vertebra are the _______ projections | lateral
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The normal curves of the spine curve _________ to posterior | anterior
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The curves of the cervical and lumbar spine are called | Lordosis
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The curves of the thoracic and sacral spine are called | Kyphosis
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_______ curves of the spine are NOT normal | Lateral
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Lateral curves of the spine is called _________ if greater than 15 degrees | Scoliosis
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The rib cage has __ pairs of ribs and a sternum | twelve
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The sternum has three parts, the ___________, body, and _________ process | manubrium, xiphoid
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The manubrium is the ___ part of the sternum | top
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The main part of the sternum is also called the | gladiolum
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Ribs 1-7 are called _____ ribs | true
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True ribs articulate directly with the | sternum
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Ribs 8-10 are called ______ ribs | false
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Ribs 11 & 12 are called ________ ribs | floating
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Floating ribs do not articulate with the ________ | sternum
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The shoulder girdle attaches the ___ to the axial skeleton | arm
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The shoulder girdle includes the _______ & _______ | scapula & clavicle
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The scapula is also known as the ________ _____ | shoulder blade
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The ________ fossa is the lateral depression for the head of the humerus | glenoid
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The ________ process is the attachment for bicipital tendons | Coracoid
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The ___________ process attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint | Acromicon
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The ________ is the long bone of the upper arm | humerus
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The _______ tubercle is the attachment of the deltoid muscle to the humerus | deltoid
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The distal end of the humerus articulates with the ____ to form a hinge joint and the _____ to form a pivot joint | Ulna, radius
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The _____ articulates with the head of the radius | Capitulum
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The capitulum articulates with the head of the | radius
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The ________ articulates with the semilunar notch of the ulna | trochlea
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The trochlea articulates with the semilunar notch of the | ulna
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The olecranon process is the bump that we call our | elbow
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The _______ is the lateral of the two forearm bones | radius
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The radius bone allows for pronation and _________ of the hand | supination
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The ______ bone allows for pronation and supination of the hand | radius
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The _______ are the eight wrist bones | carpals
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The carpals of the wrist form a ______ joint | gliding
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____________ are the long bones of the hand | Metacarpals
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The carpal to thumb phalange joint is a ________ joint | saddle
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_________ are the finger bones | Phalanges
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The pelvic girdle is also known as | the pelvis
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The bones of the pelvis are the ______, ______, & _______ | pubis, ischium, & ilium
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Female pelvises are _______ than males | wider
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The ___________ is the socket for the head of the femur | acetabulum
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The ______ is the long bone of the thigh | femur
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The _______ trochanter is the lateral projection on the proximal end of the femur | greater
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The greater ________ anchors the abductors to the femur | trochanter
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The _______ trochanter is the medial projection on the proximal end of the femur | lesser
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the lesser ________ anchors the extensors and adductors to the femur | trochanter
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The patella is also know as the ________ | kneecap
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The kneecap is also known as the ________ | patella
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The _____ is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg | tibia
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The anterior crest forms the _____ _________ (ridge on the front of the leg) | tibial tuberosity
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The medial malleolus is better known as the | ankle
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The ______ is the non=weight-bearing bone of the lower leg | fibula
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The _______ are the seven ankle bones | tarsals
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The tarsals are the seven bones of the | ankle
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The proper name for the heel bone is | calcaneus
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The calcaneus is the largest ______ bone | tarsal
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The foot bones are the ____________ | metatarsals
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The metatarsals are the long ____ bones | foot
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The proper name for the big toe is the | hallux
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The hallux is the proper name for the | big/great toe
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Joints are classified based on amount of | movement
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Synarthrosis joints are ___________ joints | immobile
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Cranial and facial sutures are examples of ___________ joints | synarthrosis
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Amphiarthrosis joints are ________ ________ joints | slightly movable
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The pubic symphysis is an example of a _____________ joint | amphiarthrosis
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Diarthrosis joints are __________ ________ joints | freely movable
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Shoulder, knee and elbow joints are examples of _________ joints | Diarthrosis
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All synovial joints are __________ joints | diarthrosis
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All diarthrosis joints are _______ joints | synovial
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A ______ is a sac of synovial fluid that provides cushion in a synovial joint | bursa
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Synovial joints have a _________ membrane that lines the capsule | synovial
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Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid to __________ & _______ the cartilage | lubricate & nourish
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_________ cartilage is on the joint surface of each bone | Hyaline
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Hyaline cartilage is on the ______ ______ of each bone | joint surface
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The type of bone that is made of osteons is ________ bones | compact
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The type of bone that is NOT made of osteons is ________ bones | spongy
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Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ________ bone | Spongy
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The shafts of long bones are made primarily of ________ bone | compact
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Compact bone forms the ______ of a long bone | diaphysis
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Bone tissue is made of cells called _________ and the non-living part is called the ______ | osteocytes, matrix
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Bone matrix is made primarily of ________ salts & phosphorus | calcium
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New bone matrix for growth is produced by cells called | osteoblasts
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Reabsorption of bone matrix is the function of cells called | osteoclasts
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The function of osteoclasts is to reabsorb bone ______ | matrix
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Red bone marrow produces _____, _____,& _____ | RBC's, WBC's, & platelets
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All kinds of blood cells are produced in the _____ bone marrow | Red
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Yellow bone marrow found in the diaphysis of long bones is mostly ______ tissue | adipose
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The embryonic cranial bones are first made of ________ __________ tissue | fibrous connective
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Compression of a baby's head during birth is permitted by the presence of _______ between cranial bones | fontanels
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The nutrient needed to absorb calcium is | vitamin D
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Two vitamins necessary for the calcification process in growing bones are vitamin _ & _ | A & C
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Protein in the diet is needed to form the _____ in the bone matrix of a growing child | collagen
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The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is ___________ hormone | parathyroid
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The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is | calcitonin
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The hormones that promote the closure of the epiphyseal discs are _______ & ________ | estrogen & testoterone
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The hormone that contributes to bone growth by increasing the rate of mitosis is | growth hormone
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The skull is made lighter by the presence of _______ in some of the bones | sinuses
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The heart, liver and lungs are protected from mechanical injury by the | rib cage
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The mandible and temporal bones form a ______ joint | condyloid
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Of condyloid, gliding and symphysis joints, __________ is the one that is NOT a synovial joint | symphysis
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