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Physical Evidence

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Question
Answer
A type of fiber that is made from plants or animals is classified as   natural  
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Which term refers to a print found at a crime scene?   Latent print  
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Type of fiber that is man-made, such as nylon or rayon, is classified as:   synthetic  
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The bottom portion of a hair nearest the scalp in which DNA may be found is called the:   root  
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The _______ Principle states that with contact between two items, there will be an exchange.   Locard  
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What database can be used to find matches for DNA samples from a crime scene?   CODIS  
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The study of firearms and ammunition is called:   ballistics  
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What does the abbreviation GSR refer to?   Gunshot Residue  
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This type of analysis is the type that can be utilized or compared through unaided observation.   Visual  
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This type of evidence must be subjected to procedures such as DNA typing or drug screening.   Chemical  
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This type of evidence usually requires it to be matched to a control.   Comparison  
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Usually hair and fibers require this type of analysis because they require more than the human eye to be properly evaluated .   Microscopic  
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What has made the matching of printed documents nearly impossible?   Inkjet and laser printers  
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Document analysis primarily concentrates on:   handwritten documents  
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What do you commonly find along with broken glass?   Blood or fingerprints  
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Soil and other types of vegetative matter can be hard to match exactly-therefore when often used in court it is considered this type of evidence?   Circumstantial  
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This term means any chance or accidental impression left by friction ridge skin on a surface.   Latent Prints  
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What needs to be present on hair to provide DNA   Root or follicle tissue  
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What separates fibers from hair follicles?   Presence of DNA  
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A good analogy for a firearm would be: A fired bullet or spent cartridge may be matched to a weapon as well as this:   Paint to a car  
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This is very easy to detect from a gun or explosive :   Powder residue  
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This can help determine the origin and users of explosive and petroleum products.   Chemical Composition  
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The analysis of drugs for forensic science is:   an expensive task due to equipment and maintenance  
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Paint from a car can be identified   with 100% certainty  
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All body fluids, animal or human will be subjected to this type of analysis   Biochemical  
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This is the MOST common analysis of body fluids?   DNA Testing  
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The color, number of layers, chemical composition, or features of paint chips, are known as this and can be analyzed and used for matching evidence to a suspect.   individual characteristics  
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What are the characteristics of Glass that will be analyzed to determine its properties?   color, tint, thickness , density, chemical composition , refractive index (RI)  
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Usually an examination can determine the chemical composition of this:   Explosives  
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When looking at a gun barrel this causes distinctive marks on fired bullets.   Rifling  
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This is a database used for ballistic evidence.   The National Integrated Ballistics Identification System  
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When an object is broken, torn, or cut, two unique edges are formed. These can be compared to see if they fit and is known as this kind of evidence:   Fracture lines  
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All of the ways that impression evidence can be obtained:   photographed, lifted with tape, cast with plaster  
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These can help tell the size, as well as sometimes weight and walking patterns of a suspect or victim.   Shoe Prints  
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The use of these can help detect the post mortem interval:   Bugs  
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These might be left on a victim, assailant, or other object and can be matched to dental records for the identification of a victim or suspect.   Bite Marks  
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Tiny nicks and chips form on the edges of these devices as they are used, which can be used to identify matches between evidence and suspects.   Tool Marks  
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Blood, semen, saliva, sweat, and urine can be analyzed to provide information about the crime as well as its victim or the suspect. These are most easily detected by the use of :   Chemicals and UV light  
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This can be extracted from almost any tissue, hair, fingernails, bones, teeth, & body fluids.   DNA  
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This is an FBI database that is used to find matches to unknown DNA samples from a crime scene.   CODIS  
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All of the following are the 3 types of patterns found on fingerprints?   arches, loops and whorls  
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This is the Fingerprint Identification System database used by investigators to find fingerprints found at a crime scene.   AFIS  
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This landmark case was groundbreaking because it set the standard to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence. It provides that expert opinion based on a scientific technique is admissible only where the technique is generally accepted.   Frye vs. United States  
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In this Landmark case the U.S. Supreme Court changed the standard for admissibility of expert testimony determining a trial judge has a duty to scrutinize evidence more rigorously & determine whether it meets the requirements of Federal Rule of Evidence.   Daubert v. Merrell Dow  
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In the landmark case the Supreme Court ruled citizens are entitled to be told their rights before questioned.   Miranda v. Arizona  
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Type of characteristic that can be matched to a single source with a high degree of probability:   individual characteristics  
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Cannot be directly connected to one person or source but can reduce the number of suspects:   common characteristics  
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Samples from a known source that are used for bias or comparison:   reference samples  
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This provides documentation of every person who has come into contact with evidence and acts as a paper trail.   Chain of Custody  
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True or False? It is possible to show that a hair came from a specific person or animal.   True  
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True or False? Every single piece of evidence at a crime scene is considered significant until toughly examined?   True  
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True or False? Hairs can be examined to identify their origin, such as human or animal.   True  
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True or False? Hairs with roots intact can be tested for DNA.   True  
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True or False? Fibers are always synthetic.   False  
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True or False? Wounds can often be matched to weapons or tool marks on the weapon.   True  
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True or False? Investigators often find it impossible to determine a weapon's size, shape, and length from a wound.   False  
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True or False? Wounds can provides clues about a victim’s injuries, the suspect (left-handed, right-handed, height, etc.), and positions of the victim and suspect.   True  
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True or False? Soil evidence can always reveal where a person has traveled because the general chemical composition is extremely specific just like fingerprints.   False  
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True or False? Skeletal remains aren’t typically analyzed to determine a victim's sex or race.   False  
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True or False? Sex of a skeleton can usually be determined by examining the pelvis, humerus, and femur.   True  
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