Terms and definitions for Organization & General Plan of the Body
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The simplest level of organization | Chemical Level
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Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins & Nucleic Acids are_____________ Chemicals | Organic
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Water, Oxygen & Carbon dioxide are ____________ Chemicals | Inorganic
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The most complex level of organization | Organ Systems
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The smallest living units of structure and function | Cells
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A group of cells with similar structure and function | Tissue
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The study of body structure | Anatomy
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The study of disorders of functions | Pathophysiology
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What type of tissue covers or lines body surfaces, some are capable of producing secretions. | Epithelial Tissue
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What type of tissue connects and supports parts of the body | Connective Tissue
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What type of tissue specializes in contractions to bring about movement | Muscle Tissue
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What type of tissue is specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses | Nerve Tissue
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A group of tissue precisely arranged as to accomplish a specific function | Organ
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All the chemical reactions and physical processes that take place within the body to bring about growth, repair, reactions, and reproduction. | Metabolism
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Organ system responsible for movement | Muscle System
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System responsible for body structure | Skeletal System
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System responsible for electrochemical impulses and sensory information interpretation | Nervous System
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System that is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals and prevents excessive water loss | Integumentary System
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System responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood | Respiratory System
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System responsible for providing immunity and returning tissue fluid to the blood | Lymphatic System
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System responsible for removal of wastes from the blood and regulation of volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid | Urinary System
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System that changes food into simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body | Digestive System
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The system that regulates body functions such as growth, metabolism and reproduction through hormones | Endocrine System
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The system that produces egg or sperm | Reproductive System
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A state of relative stability within the body | Homeostasis
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The Mechanism in the body that reverses a stimulus to keep the body within a normal range | Negative Feedback Mechanism
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A mechanism in the body that keeps a stimulus sequence of events going | Positive Feedback Mechanism
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Normal body temperature range is | 97-99 F
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Normal pulse rate | 60-80 beats per minute
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Normal respiratory rate | 12-20 breaths per minute
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Antebrachial | Forearm
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Antecubital | Front of elbow
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Axillary | Armpit
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Brachial | Upper arm
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Buccal | Cheek
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Cardiac | Heart
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Cervical | Neck
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Cranial | Head
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Cutaneous | Skin
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Deltoid | Shoulder
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Femoral | Thigh or upper leg
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Frontal | Forehead
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Gastric | Stomach
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Gluteal | Buttocks
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Hepatic | Liver
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Iliac | Ilium (pelvis)
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Inguinal | Front of hip joint
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Lumbar | Lower back
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Mammary | Breast
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Nasal | Nose
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Occipital | Back of skull
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Orbital | Eye
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Parietal | Top of head
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Patellar | Knee cap
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Pectoral | Chest
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Perineal | Pelvic floor
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Plantar | Sole of foot
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Popliteal | Back of knee
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Pulmonary | Lungs
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Renal | Kidney
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Sacral | Base of spine
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Temporal | Sides of head
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Umbilical | Navel
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Volar | Palm of hand
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Superior | Above or higher
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Inferior | Below or lower
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Anterior | Toward the front
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Posterior | Toward the back
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Ventral | Toward the front
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Dorsal | Toward the back
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Medial | Toward the midline
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Lateral | Away from midline
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Internal | Inside, Within, Interior to
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External | Outside, Exterior to
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Superficial | Toward the surface
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Deep | Within, interior to
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Central | The main part
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Peripheral | Extending from the main part
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Proximal | Closer to the origin
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Distal | Farther from the origin
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Parietal | Pertaining to the wall of a cavity
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Visceral | Pertaining to the organs within a cavity
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2 main Body Cavities | Dorsal and Ventral
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The 2 cavities within the Dorsal Cavity | Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity
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The 3 cavities within the Ventral Cavity | Thoracic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity, and the Pelvic Cavity
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What separates the Thoracic Cavity from the Abdominal Cavity | Diaphragm
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Lines the Chest Wall | Parietal Pleura
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Covers the Lungs | Visceral Pleura
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Lines the pericardial sac | Parietal Pericardial Membrane
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Covers the heart | Visceral Pericardial Sac
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Thoracic cavity contains | Heart and Lungs
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Cranial Cavity contains | The Brain
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Spinal Cavity contains | The spinal cord, and meninges
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Abdominal Cavity contains | Liver, Stomach, Intestines etc.
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Lines the abdominal wall | Peritoneum
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Continuation of Peritoneum that covers abdominal organs | Mesentery
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Pelvic Cavity contains | Bladder, reproductive organs, colon, and rectum
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What is a Section | Cut of a body part
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What is a plane | Imaginary flat surface that separates 2 portions of the body
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Frontal (Coronal) Section separates the body into- | Anterior and Posterior
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Sagittal Section separates the body into- | Left and Right
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Transverse section separates the body into- | Upper and Lower
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Cross-section is | a plane perpendicular to the long axis of a struture
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Longitudinal section is | a plane along the long axis of a structure
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The four quadrants are | Right Upper Quadrant(RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ)
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What is Metabolic Rate | The amount of energy and heat production per unit of time
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The Study of body functions | Physiology
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The level with the smallest Living unit | Cellular
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The name of the position described as Standing upright, facing forward arms at sides with palms forward and feet slightly apart | Anatomic Position
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