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Vocab/definitions

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Question
Answer
interphase   part of a cell’s life cycle when it is living, growing, and getting ready to divid  
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Cell Cycle   all the stages a cell goes through including phases of growth, preparation for division, and division  
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asexual reproduction   process of creating offspring or daughter cells using DNA from only one parent, and the resulting offspring or daughter cells are identical to the parent  
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cytokinesis   when copies of cell organelles (except the nucleus) move into new daughter cells  
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mitosis   process division of the nucleus in which the nucleus divides once to make identical nuclei for each of two identical daughter cells; a type of asexual reproduction  
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chromosome   what DNA is called during mitosis…DNA is wound up and easily visible  
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Daughter Cell   name for cells at the end of the cell division  
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offspring   science term for children (relative to their parents)  
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fission   type of asexual reproduction when an organism divides into two equal parts (the way bacteria reproduce)  
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budding   type of asexual reproduction where a new organsim grows from the body part of the parent organsim (hydra is an example)  
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regeneration   type of asexual reproduction where a whole new organism grows from a piece of another organism (planarian worm is an example)  
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diploid   adjective to describe a cell that has a set of matching chromosomes from each parent (46 chromosomes in a human, 23 from mom and 23 from dad)  
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sexual reproduction   process of creating offspring by combining the DNA in gametes from two parents, and the resulting offspring are different than either parent.  
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gamete   general name for sex cell  
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sperm   name for male sex cell  
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egg   name for female sex cell  
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haploid   adjective to describe a cell that has half the normal number of chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome – usually a gamete)  
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fertilization   process of sperm and egg cell joining  
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zygote   the name for fertilized egg before it starts doing mitosis  
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meiosis   process division of the nucleus in which the nucleus shuffles DNA then divides twice to make four unique nuclei, one for each of four haploid daughter cells called gametes; a type of sexual reproduction  
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crossing over   the “shuffling” of DNA that happens during meiosis  
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sex chromosones   the 23rd chromosome pair that makes the difference between males and females, XX for females, XY for males  
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