Module 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Broadcast Domain | Logically grouped network nodes that can communicate directly via broadcast transmission
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Collision Domain | The portion of an ethernet network in which collisions could occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time.
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Convergence time | The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or network outrage
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Exterior Router | A router that directs data between nodes outside a given autonomous LAN, for example, routers used on the Internet's backbone.
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Gateway (def) | A combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks.
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Interior Router | A router that directs data between nodes on an autonomous LAN
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Modular router | A router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices so as to provide flexible, customizable network interoperability
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VLAN | A network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices' switch ports in the same broadcast domain
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Hardware and Device Interfaces | •NIC (network interface card, network adapter) •Rated by topology designed for, network speed and PC Interface
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At what layer of the OSI Model do NICs reside? | Physical and Data Link
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Interfaces may have | auto-speed sensing, DMA, diagnostic indicators, SNMP, RAM or Flash ROM
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Factors to be considered when choosing a network adapter | network technology and host
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Software that enables communication between a NIC and the operating system is called | Device driver
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Connectivity Older devices | Repeaters and Bridges
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Connectivity Newer devices | hubs, switches and routers
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Hubs Connectivity device | creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain
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Hubs (multi-port repeaters) | • Receive a signal in one port, regenerate the signal and retransmit it on all the other ports •May or may not have an uplink port
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Hubs different configurations | o Rack-mounted or desktop designs o Multi-speed sensing abilities o Passive, stackable, or modular, and offer a console port, backbone port, link activity indicators, and collision indicators
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Hubs factors to consider when selecting a hub include | logical/physical topology, speed, media, performance, cost, scalability, security, management, and reliability
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Hubs latency level | lowest (process the signals quicker than switches or routers)
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Switches Connectivity device | creates multiple collision domains and one broadcast domain
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Switches different configurations | oRack-mounted or desktop designs oMulti-speed sensing abilities oPassive, stackable, or modular, and offer a console port, backbone port, link activity indicators, and collision indicators
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Switch factors to consider when selecting a switch include | logical/physical topology, speed, media, performance, cost, scalability, security, management, and reliability
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Switches (multi-port bridges) | •Receive a signal in one port and direct the signal out the destination device port •Reside at the data link layer and interpret MAC addresses •Transparent installation (Minimal administration in most cases)
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Two common switch modes | Store & Forward mode and Cut-through mode
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Identify two advantages of switches over routers. | better security and better performance
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How can cut-through switches increase errors on a network? | Cannot detect corrupt packages
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Which switching method (mode) is more appropriate for larger networks? | Store and Forward Mode
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Routers | •Ultimate connectivity device •Connect dissimilar network types, speeds, protocols and topologies •Can be used to segment LAN devices, but major use is WAN connectivity •WAN technologies frequently connect routers
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Special Special purpose computer | oProcessor, memory, input/output ports, operating system and power supply oFixed or modular configuration oFeature WAN and LAN ports
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At what layer of the OSI model are routers found? | Network Layer
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Internet backbone routers are known as: | Exterior Router
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Two main router functions: | oSelection of best paths for incoming data packets oSwitching packets to the proper outgoing interface
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Routers make decisions based on | network (logical) addresses
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Routing tables are maintained | dynamically (by routing protocols)
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Routers operate at this latency level | highest
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What are routing protocols used for? | To collect data about current network status and contribute to the selection of the best path
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Which routing protocol is used on the Internet backbone? | Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
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Gateways | •Connection points between dissimilar network types •It can be hardware based, software based or both •Internet gateways are the most common
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What kind of gateway blocks or filters traffic between networks? | Firewall
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Transceivers | o Devices that act as adapters o Commonly have DB-15 connection on one end and desired network connection on the other end. May have diagnostic indicators for performance status or T/S
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Equipment racks | o Used to mount equipment. May be open or closed and have sophisticated cooling systems or simple fans. Free standing or wall mounted o Range from small 4-inch patch panel units to full height, 84-inch units
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Raceways | oHold network (and other) media, protect it and create neat/clean media installations oCome in many widths and can be metal or plastic
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Patch panels | oCentral connection point devices that allows for easy device hookup oModular or fixed, come in many different designs, numbers of ports and standards
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