Chapter 2 Test Revie
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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The Declaration of Independence | statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire.
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Stamp Act | any legislation that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents.
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"No Taxation Without Representation", | slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.
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The Boston Tea Party | direct action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies.
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The Articles of Confederation | formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that legally established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.
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The Constitution | set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.
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The Bill of Rights | list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country.
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The French Revolution | period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history that saw a series of major changes in power and political system as well as Revolutionary Wars.
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The Old Regime | period of time often considered by many to be representative of a crashed society.
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bourgeoisie | describes a range of groups across history.
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The Estates General | was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the nobility, the Church, and the common people.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal.
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Louis XVI | Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of 10 August during the French Revolution
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Marie Antoinette | assumed the title of Queen of France and of Navarre when her husband, Louis XVI of France, ascended the throne upon the death of Louis XV in May 1774.
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Estates- General of 1789 | a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the nobility, the Church, and the common people.
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Tennis Court Oath | The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. They made a makeshift conference room inside a tennis court located in the Saint-Louis
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Fall of the Bastille | contained seven inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution.
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National Assembly | a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal.
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Maximillien Robespierre | one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. He largely dominated the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror
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George Jacques Danton | a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety.
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Battle of Valmy | the first major victory by the army of France during the French Revolution. The action took place on 20 September 1792 as Prussian troops attempted to march on Paris.
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Guillotine | a device used for carrying out executions by decapitation.
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The Reign of Terror | period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution,
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Jean Paul Marat | a Swiss-born physician, political theorist, and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution.
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Committee of Public Safety | created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the executive government in France during the Reign of Terror, a stage of the French Revolution.
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Explain the importance of the Third Estate in relation to the beginnings of the French Revolution. | The Third Estate all those not members of the urban and rural. The urban included the bourgeoisie, who made up 98% of France's population, as well as wage-laborers.The rural had no wealth, paid high taxes compared to other Estates.
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Describe how ideas from the Enlightenment influenced and are present in the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. | concepts Declaration from philosophical and political principles of the Age of Enlightenment, such as individualism, the social contract as theorized by the French philosopher Rousseau, and the separation of powers espoused by the Baron de Montesquieu.
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Explain how the Estates- General was supposed to represent the people of France. | propose solutions to his government's financial problems, the Estates-General sat for several weeks in May and June of 1789, but came to an impasse as the three Estates clashed over their respective powers.
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What were the economic and social problems that caused the French people to demand a change to the Estates-General in 1789? | Economic: hunger, malnutrition bread shortage, prices; bankruptcy due to the enormous cost of previous wars, republicanism; hatred of Queen Marie-Antoinette, anger toward the King for firing finance minister Jacques Necker
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How did the French people use violence (especially the Guillotine) to make sure the Revolution remained successful? | guillotine became the symbol of the revolutionary cause, strengthened by a string of executions, anyone having an opinion or anything to do with the revolution was put to death.
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