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Bell West / Memory

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Answer
memory   the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.  
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encoding   the processing of information into the memory system  
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storage   the retention of encoded information over time.  
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retrieval   the process of getting information out of memory storage  
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sensory memory   the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system  
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short-term memory   activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten  
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long-term memory   the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences  
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working memory   a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory  
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automatic processing   unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings  
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effortful processing   encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.  
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rehearsal   the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage  
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spacing effect   the tendency for distributed study or practice to yeild better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice  
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serial position effect   our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list  
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visual encoding   the encoding of picture images  
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acoustic encoding   the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words  
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semantic encoding   the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words  
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imagery   mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding  
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mnemonics   memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices  
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chunking   organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically  
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iconic memory   a momentary sensory memory of visualstimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second  
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echoic memory   a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds  
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long-term potentiation   an increase in a synapse's firing potentialafter brief, rapid stimulation.  
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flashbulb memory   a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.  
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amnesia   the loss of memory.  
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implicit memory   retention independent of conscious recollection.  
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explicit memory   memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"  
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hippocampus   a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage.  
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recall   a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fil-in-the-blank test.  
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recognition   a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.  
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relearning   a maesure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.  
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priming   the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.  
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deja vu   that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.  
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mood-congruent memory   the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.  
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proactive interference   the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.  
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retroactive interference   the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.  
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repression   in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.  
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misinformation effect   incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.  
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source amnesia   attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.  
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