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Human Structure Wk 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
trapezius- O   O- external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 - T12v  
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trapezius- I   I- spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle  
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trapezius- N   N- spinal accessory nerve, C3 - C4  
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trapezius- A   A- adducts, rotates, elevates, depresses scapula  
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levator scapulae- O   O- transverse processes of C1 - C4  
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levator scapulae-I   I- medial border of scapula  
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levator scapulae- A   A- elevates scapula, rotates glenoid cavity  
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levator scapulae- N   N- C3 - C4 nerves to levator scapulae, dorsal scapular nerve  
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rhomboid minor- O   O- spines of C7 - T1  
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rhomboid minor- I   I- root of spine of scapula  
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rhomboid minor- N   N- dorsal scapular nerve, C5  
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rhomboid minor-A   A- adducts scapula  
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rhomboid major- O   O- spines of T2 - T5  
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rhomboid major- I   I- medial border of scapula  
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rhomboid major- N   N- dorsal scapular nerve, C5  
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rhomboid major- A   A- adducts scapula  
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latissimus dorsi- O   O- spines of T7 - T12, thoracodorsal fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9 - 12  
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latissimus dorsi- I   I- floor of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus  
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latissimus dorsi- N   N- thoracodorsal  
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latissimus dorsi - A   A- adducts, extends, rotates arm medially; depresses scapula  
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serratus posterior superior- o   O- ligamentum nuchae, supraspinal ligament, spines of C7 - T3  
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serratus posterior superior- i   I- upper border of ribs 2 - 5  
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serratus posterior superior- n   N- intercostal nerve, T1 - T4  
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serratus posterior superior- A   A- elevates ribs  
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serratus posterior inferior-o   O- supraspinous ligament, spines of T11 - L3  
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serratus posterior inferior-i   I- lower border of ribs 9 - 12  
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serratus posterior inferior-n   N-intercostal nerve, T9 - T12  
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serratus posterior inferior-a   A- depresses ribs  
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splenius capitis-o   0- spinous processes  
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splenius capitis-i   I- mastoid process and superior nuchal line  
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splenius capitis-n   N- dorsal primary rami of middle and lower cervical spinal nerves  
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splenius capitis-a   A- extends, rotates, laterally flexes head and neck  
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splenius cervicis-o   O- spinous processes  
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splenius cervicis-i   I- transverse processes  
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splenius cervicis-n   N- dorsal primary rami of middle and lower cervical spinal nerves  
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splenius cervicis-a   A- extends, rotates, laterally flexes head and neck  
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iliocostalis (lateral column)-o   O- sacrum, ilium, ribs, spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae  
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iliocostalis (lateral column)-i   I- ribs  
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iliocostalis (lateral column)-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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iliocostalis (lateral column)-a   A- extend, rotate, laterally flex vertebral column and head  
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longissimus (intermediate column)-o   O- sacrum, ilium, ribs, spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae  
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longissimus (intermediate column)-i   I- ribs, transverse processes, mastoid process  
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longissimus (intermediate column)-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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longissimus (intermediate column)-a   A- extends, rotates, laterally flexes vertebral longissimus (intermediate column)  
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spinalis (medial column)-o   O- sacrum, ilium, ribs, spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae  
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spinalis (medial column)-i   I- spinous processes  
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spinalis (medial column)-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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spinalis (medial column)-a   A- extends, rotates, laterally flexes vertebral column and head  
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semispinalis-o   O- transverse processes  
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semispinalis-i   I- skull (capitis), spinous processes (cervicis, thoracis)  
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semispinalis-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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semispinalis-a   A- extends and rotates head, neck, and trunk  
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multifidus-o   O- sacrum, ilium, transverse processes  
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multifidus-i   I- spinous processes  
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multifidus-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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multifidus-a   A- extends and rotates head, neck, and trunk  
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rotators-o   O- transverse processes  
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rotators-i   I- spinous processes two vertebrae above (longus) or one vertebra above (brevis)  
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rotators-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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rotators-a   A- extends and rotates head, neck, and trunk  
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interspinales-o   O- spinous process  
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interspinales-i   I- adjacent spinous process  
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interspinales-n   N- dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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interspinales-a   A- extends vertebral column  
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intertransversarii-o   O- transverse process  
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intertransversarii-i   I- adjacent transverse process  
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intertransversarii-n   N-dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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intertransversarii-a   A- laterally flexes vertebral column  
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levatores costarum (longus and brevis)-o   O- transverse process  
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levatores costarum (longus and brevis)-i   I- ribs  
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levatores costarum (longus and brevis)-n   N-dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves  
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levatores costarum (longus and brevis)-a   A- elevates ribs  
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rectus capitis posterior major-o   O-spine of axis  
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rectus capitis posterior major-i   I- lateral portion of inferior nuchal line  
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rectus capitis posterior major-n   N- suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)  
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rectus capitis posterior major-a   A- extends, rotates, flexes head laterally  
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rectus capitis posterior minor-o   O- posterior tubercle of atlas  
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rectus capitis posterior minor-i   I- occipital bone below inferior nuchal line  
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rectus capitis posterior minor-n   N- suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)  
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rectus capitis posterior minor-a   A- extends, flexes head laterally  
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obliquus capitis superior-o   O- transverse process of atlas  
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obliquus capitis superior-i   I- occipital bone above inferior nuchal line  
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obliquus capitis superior-n   N- suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)  
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obliquus capitis superior-a   A- extends, rotates, flexes head laterally  
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obliquus capitis inferior-o   O- spine of axis  
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obliquus capitis inferior-i   I- transverse process of atlas  
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obliquus capitis inferior-n   N- suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)  
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obliquus capitis inferior-a   A- extends, rotates head laterally  
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o- sternocleidomastoid   o-manubrium sterni and medial 1/3 of clavicle mastoid  
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i-sternocleidomastoid   i-process and lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line  
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n-sternocleidomastoid   n-spinal accessory nerve C3 - C4 (sensory)  
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a- sternocleidomastoid   a-singly turns face toward opposite side, together flex head and raise thorax  
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What are the 3 respiratory MM of the back?   Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior, and levator costarum  
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o- posterior scalene   o-transverse processes of C4 - C6;  
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i- posterior scalene   i- outer surface of 2nd rib  
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n- posterior scalene   n-lower cervical (C6 - C8);  
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a- posterior scalene   a-elevates 2nd rib, bends neck;  
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Insertion- posterior scalene   outer surface of 2nd rib  
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Insertion- middle scalene   upper surface of 1st rib  
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Insertion- anterior scalene   scalene tubercle of 1st rib  
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Insertion- posterior belly of omohyoid   intermediate tendon  
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Insertion- platysma   mandible and skin over mandible and angle of mouth  
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Insertion- pectoralis major   lateral lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus  
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Insertion- pectoralis minor   coracoid process of scapula  
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Insertion- subclavius   inferior surface of clavicle  
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Insertion- serratus anterior   medial border of scapula  
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Insertion- deltoid   deltoid tuberosity of humerus  
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Insertion- supraspinatus   superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus  
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Insertion- infraspinatus   middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus  
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Insertion- subscapularis   lesser tubercle of humerus  
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Insertion- teres major   medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus  
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Insertion- teres minor   lower facet of greater tubercle of humerus  
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Insertion- coracobrachialis   middle third of medial surface of humerus  
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Insertion- biceps brachii   radial tuberosity of radius  
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Insertion- brachialis   coronoid process of ulna and ulnar tuberosity  
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Insertion- triceps   posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna  
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Insertion- anconeus   olecranon and upper posterior surface of ulna  
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Insertion- pronator teres   middle of lateral side of radius  
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Insertion- flexor carpi radialis   bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals  
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Insertion- palmaris longus   flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis  
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Insertion- flexor carpi ulnaris   pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal  
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Insertion- flexor digitorum superficialis   middle phalanges of finger  
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Insertion- flexor digitorum profundus   bases of distal phalanges of fingers  
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Insertion- flexor pollicis longus   base of distal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- pronator quadratus   anterior surface of distal radius  
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Insertion- brachioradialis   base of radial styloid process  
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Insertion- extensor carpi radialis longus   dorsum of base of 2nd metacarpal  
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Insertion- extensor carpi radialis brevis   posterior base of 3rd metacarpal  
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Insertion- extensor digitorum   extensor expansion, base of middle and digital phalanges  
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Insertion- extensor digiti minimi   extensor expansion, base of middle and digital phalanges  
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Insertion- extensor carpi ulnaris   base of 5th metacarpal  
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Insertion- supinator   lateral side of upper part of radius  
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Insertion- abductor pollicis longus   lateral surface of base of 1st metacarpal  
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Insertion- extensor pollicis longus   base of distal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- extensor pollicis brevis   base of proximal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- extensor indicis   extensor expansion of index finger  
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Insertion- abductor pollicis brevis   lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- flexor pollicis brevis   base of proximal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- opponens pollicis   lateral side of 1st metacarpal  
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Insertion- adductor pollicis   medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb  
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Insertion- palmaris brevis   skin of medial side of palm  
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Insertion- abductor digiti minimi   medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger  
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Insertion- flexor digiti minimi brevis   medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger  
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Insertion- opponens digiti minimi   medial side of 5th metacarpal  
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Insertion- lumbricals (4)   lateral side of extensor expansion  
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Insertion- dorsal interossei (4)   lateral sides of bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion  
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Insertion- palmar interossei (3)   bases of proximal phalanges in same sides as origins, extensor expansion  
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Origin- posterior scalene   transverse processes of C4 - C6  
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Origin- middle scalene   transverse processes of C2 - C7  
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Origin- anterior scalene   transverse processes of C3 - C6  
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Origin- posterior belly of omohyoid   medial lip of suprascapular notch and ligament  
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Origin- platysma   superficial fascia over upper part of deltoid and pectoralis major  
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Origin- pectoralis major   medial half of clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages  
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Origin- pectoralis minor   3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs  
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Origin- subclavius   junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage  
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Origin- serratus anterior   upper 8 ribs  
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Origin- deltoid   lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula  
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Origin- supraspinatus   supraspinatus fossa of scapula  
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Origin- infraspinatus   infraspinatus fossa  
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Origin- subscapularis   subscapular fossa  
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Origin- teres major   dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula  
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Origin- teres minor   upper portion of lateral border of scapula  
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Origin- coracobrachialis   coracoid process  
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Origin- biceps brachii   supraglenoid tubercle (long head), coracoid process (short head)  
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Origin- brachialis   lower anterior surface of humerus  
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Origin- triceps   infraglenoid tubercle (long head), superior to radial groove of humerus (lateral head), inferior to radial groove (medial head)  
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Origin- anconeus   lateral epicondyle of humerus  
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Origin- pronator teres   medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna  
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Origin- flexor carpi radialis   medial epicondyle of humerus  
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Origin- palmaris longus   medial epicondyle of humerus  
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Origin- flexor carpi ulnaris   medial epicondyle (humeral head), medial olecranon, posterior border of ulna (ulnar head)  
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Origin- flexor digitorum superficialis   medial epicondyle, coronoid process, oblique line of radius  
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Origin- flexor digitorum profundus   anteromedial surface of ulna, interosseous membrane  
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Origin- flexor pollicis longus   anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane, coronoid process  
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Origin- pronator quadratus   anterior surface of distal ulna  
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Origin- brachioradialis   lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus  
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Origin- extensor carpi radialis longus   lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus  
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Origin- extensor carpi radialis brevis   lateral epicondyle of humerus  
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Origin- extensor digitorum   lateral epicondyle of humerus  
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Origin- extensor digiti minimi   common extensor tendon, interosseous membrane  
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Origin- extensor carpi ulnaris   lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulna  
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Origin- supinator   lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments  
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Origin- abductor pollicis longus   interosseous membrane, middle third of posterior surfaces of radius and ulna  
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Origin- extensor pollicis longus   interosseous membrane, middle third of posterior surface of ulna  
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Origin- extensor pollicis brevis   interosseous membrane, posterior surface of middle third of radius  
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Origin- extensor indicis   posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane  
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Origin- abductor pollicis brevis   flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium  
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Origin- flexor pollicis brevis   flexor retinaculum, trapezium  
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Origin- opponens pollicis   flexor retinaculum, trapezium  
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Origin- adductor pollicis   capitate, bases of 2nd, 3rd metacarpals (oblique head); palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)  
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Origin- palmaris brevis   medial side of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis  
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Origin- abductor digiti minimi   pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris  
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Origin- flexor digiti minimi brevis   flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate  
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Origin- opponens digiti minimi   flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate  
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Origin- lumbricals (4)   lateral side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus  
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Origin- dorsal interossei (4)   adjacent sides of metacarpal bones  
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Origin- palmar interossei (3)   medial side of 2nd metacarpal, lateral sides of 4th, 5th metacarpals  
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Innervation- posterior scalene   lower cervical (C6 - C8)  
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Innervation- middle scalene   lower cervical (C5 - C8)  
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Innervation- anterior scalene   lower cervical (C5 - C8)  
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Innervation- posterior belly of omohyoid   ansa cervicalis  
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Innervation- platysma   facial  
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Innervation- pectoralis major   lateral and medial pectorals  
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Innervation- pectoralis minor   medial (and lateral) pectorals  
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Innervation- subclavius   nerve to subclavius  
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Innervation- serratus anterior   long thoracic  
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Innervation- deltoid   axillary  
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Innervation- supraspinatus   suprascapular  
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Innervation- infraspinatus   suprascapular  
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Innervation- subscapularis   upper and lower subscapular  
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Innervation- teres major   lower subscapular  
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Innervation- teres minor   axillary  
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Innervation- coracobrachialis   musculocutaneous  
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Innervation- biceps brachii   musculocutaneous  
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Innervation- brachialis   musculocutaneous  
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Innervation- triceps   radial  
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Innervation- anconeus   radial  
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Innervation- pronator teres   median  
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Innervation- flexor carpi radialis   median  
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Innervation- palmaris longus   median  
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Innervation- flexor carpi ulnaris   ulnar  
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Innervation- flexor digitorum superficialis   median  
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Innervation- flexor digitorum profundus   ulnar and median  
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Innervation- flexor pollicis longus   median  
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Innervation- pronator quadratus   median  
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Innervation- brachioradialis   radial  
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Innervation- extensor carpi radialis longus   radial  
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Innervation- extensor carpi radialis brevis   radial  
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Innervation- extensor digitorum   radial  
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Innervation- extensor digiti minimi   radial  
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Innervation- extensor carpi ulnaris   radial  
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Innervation- supinator   radial  
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Innervation- abductor pollicis longus   radial  
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Innervation- extensor pollicis longus   radial  
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Innervation- extensor pollicis brevis   radial  
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Innervation- extensor indicis   radial  
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Innervation- abductor pollicis brevis   median  
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Innervation- flexor pollicis brevis   median  
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Innervation- opponens pollicis   median  
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Innervation- adductor pollicis   ulnar  
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Innervation- palmaris brevis   ulnar  
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Innervation- abductor digiti minimi   ulnar  
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Innervation- flexor digiti minimi brevis   ulnar  
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Innervation- opponens digiti minimi   ulnar  
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Innervation- lumbricals (4)   median (2 lateral), ulnar (2 medial)  
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Innervation- dorsal interossei (4)   ulnar  
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Innervation- palmar interossei (3)   ulnar  
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Action- posterior scalene   elevates 2nd rib, bends neck  
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Action- middle scalene   elevates 1st rib, bends neck  
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Action- anterior scalene   elevates 1st rib, bends neck  
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Action- posterior belly of omohyoid   depresses, retracts hyoid and larynx  
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Action- platysma   depresses lower jaw and lip and angle of mouth, wrinkles skin of neck  
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Action- pectoralis major   flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm  
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Action- pectoralis minor   depresses scapula, elevates ribs  
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Action- subclavius   depresses lateral part of clavicle  
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Action- serratus anterior   rotates scapula upward, abducts arm and elevates it above the horizontal  
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Action- deltoid   abducts, adducts, flexes, extends, rotates arm medially and laterally  
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Action- supraspinatus   abducts arm  
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Action- infraspinatus   rotates arm laterally  
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Action- subscapularis   adducts, rotates arm medially  
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Action- teres major   adducts, rotates arm medially  
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Action- teres minor   rotates arm laterally  
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Action- coracobrachialis   flexes, adducts arm  
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Action- biceps brachii   flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm  
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Action- brachialis   flexes forearm  
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Action- triceps   extends forearm  
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Action- anconeus   extends forearm  
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Action- pronator teres   pronates arm  
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Action- flexor carpi radialis   flexes forearm, flexes and abducts hand  
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Action- palmaris longus   flexes forearm and hand  
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Action- flexor carpi ulnaris   flexes forearm, flexes and adducts hand  
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Action- flexor digitorum superficialis   flexes proximal interphalangeal joints, flexes hand and forearm  
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Action- flexor digitorum profundus   flexes distal interphalangeal joints and hand  
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Action- flexor pollicis longus   flexes thumb  
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Action- pronator quadratus   pronates forearm  
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Action- brachioradialis   flexes forearm  
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Action- extensor carpi radialis longus   extends, abducts hand  
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Action- extensor carpi radialis brevis   extends and abducts hands  
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Action- extensor digitorum   extends fingers and hand  
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Action- extensor digiti minimi   extends little finger  
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Action- extensor carpi ulnaris   extends, adducts hand  
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Action- supinator   supinates forearm  
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Action- abductor pollicis longus   abducts thumb and hand  
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Action- extensor pollicis longus   extends distal phalanx of thumb, abducts hand  
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Action- extensor pollicis brevis   extends proximal phalanx of thumb, abducts hand  
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Action- extensor indicis   extends index finger  
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Action- abductor pollicis brevis   abducts thumb  
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Action- flexor pollicis brevis   flexes thumb  
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Action- opponens pollicis   opposes thumb to other digits  
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Action- adductor pollicis   adducts thumb  
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Action- palmaris brevis   wrinkles skin on medial side of palm  
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Action- abductor digiti minimi   abducts little finger  
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Action- flexor digiti minimi brevis   flexes proximal phalanx of little finger  
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Action- opponens digiti minimi   opposes little finger  
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Action- lumbricals (4)   flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints  
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Action- dorsal interossei (4)   abducts fingers, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints  
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Action- palmar interossei (3)   adduct fingers, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints  
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o-Cricothyroid   O- Anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage  
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i-Cricothyroid   I- Inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage  
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a-Cricothyroid   A- Stertches and tenses the vocal folds  
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n-Cricothyroid   N- Laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)  
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o-Sternohyoid   O- Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum  
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i-Sternohyoid   I- Lower margin of body of hyoid bone  
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a-Sternohyoid   A- Depresses hyoid bone if ithas been elevated, as in swallowing  
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n-Sternohyoid   N- Cervical spinal nerves C1-C3 through the ansa cercicalis (slender nerve root in cervical plexus)  
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o-Sternothyroid   O- Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum  
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i-Sternothyroid   I- Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage  
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a-Sternothyroid   A- Depresses larynx  
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n-Sternothyroid   N- Ansa Cervicaclis (C1-C3)  
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o-Thyrohoid   O- Lamina of the thyroid cartilage at the oblique line  
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i-Thyrohoid   I- greater cornu of hyoid bone  
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a-Thyrohoid   A- Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed  
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n-Thyrohoid   N- First cervical nerve (C1) through the hypoglossal nerve (XII)  
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o-Stylohyoid   O- Syloid process of temporal bone  
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i-Stylohyoid   I- Body of hyoid bone at junction of greater cornu  
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a-Stylohyoid   A- Elevates and retracts the hyoid elongating the floor of the mouth and lifts the tongue during swallowing  
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n-Stylohyoid   N- Facial Nerve (VII)  
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o-Mylohyoid   O- Mylohyoid line of mandible  
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i-Mylohyoid   I- Upper border and median raphe of hyoid bone  
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a-Mylohyoid   A- Elevates hyoid bone and raises floor of mouth and tongue  
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n-Mylohyoid   N- Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V)  
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o-Cricothyroid   O- Anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage  
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i-Cricothyroid   I- Inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage  
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a-Cricothyroid   A- Stertches and tenses the vocal folds  
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n-Cricothyroid   N- Laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)  
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What causes Erb-Duchenne palsy, what nerve roots are involved , and what are the symptoms?   injury to upper trunk , C5-C6, waiter's tip hand  
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What causes Klumpke's paralaysis? Which nerve roots are involved? And What are the symptoms?   Caused by birth palsy, cervical rib, fracture of clavicle, abnormal insertion of anterior and middle scalene - all of which leads to lower trunk injury; C8 & T1, Claw hand  
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Which nerves are commonly injured in a radical mastectomy?   long thoracic nerve and thoracodorsal nerve  
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What causes winged scapula?   injury to long thoracic nerve during radical mastectomy  
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What causes Crutch palsy? And what is it's characteristic symptom?   injury to post cord and wrist drop  
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If you broke your surgical neck of the humerus what might you injure and what would the symtom be?   axillary nerve and maybe posterior circumflex humeral artery, and lateral rotation of the arm  
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If you injured the posterior cord what would result?   crutch palsy  
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How might you fracture the clavicle?   fall on shoulder, breech delivery, or durinig passage of infant through birth canal  
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How does the clavicle look after fracture?   upward displacement of proximal part and downward displacement of distal fragment  
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What are the symtoms of a fracture to clavicle?   lower trunk injury, fatal hemorrhage from subclavian artery, and thrombosis of subclavian vein leading to pulmonary embolism  
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Which node does 75% of the breast drain into?   Pectoral node  
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Where does the pectoral lymph node drain?   central lymph node  
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Where does the central lymph node drain?   Apical lymph node  
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Where does the apical lymph node drain?   subclavian vein  
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What is found in the quadrangular space?   axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral A  
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What is found in the triangular space?   circumflex scapular A  
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What is found in the triangular interval?   deep brachial A and Radial N  
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What are the boundaries of the Triangular Interval?   Long head of Triceps, Lateral Head of Triceps, and Teres Major  
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What are the Boundaries of the Quadrangular Space?   teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps, humerus  
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What are the boundaries of the Triangular space?   teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps,  
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Which fracture should you consider abuse? And how does it occur?   Spiral fracture, do to torque  
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What is a comminuted fracture and how does it occur?   mutliple large breaks, usually result of high force impact  
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What is an avulsed fracture?   a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone  
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What is an impacted fracture?   bone fragments are driven into each other  
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What is a torus fracture and another name for it? Who is it common in?   when one side of the bone may buckle upon itself without disrupting the other side also known as an incomplete fracture or buckle fracture, common in children  
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What is a greenstick fracture and who is it common in?   the bone cracks but doesn't break all the way through, common in children  
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What is in the anterior compartment of the arm?   It contains the Biceps brachii muscle, Brachialis muscle, and Coracobrachialis muscle. It is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve[1] and brachial artery and Vein and Ulnar N  
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What is in the posterior compartment of the arm?   It contains the Triceps brachii muscle. It is supplied by the radial nerve and profunda brachi A  
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Which arm compartment is preaxial?   anterior arm compartment  
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Which arm compartment is postaxial?   posterior arm compartment  
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Around the elbow joint, where would you find the ulnar nerve?   behind the medial epicondyle  
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Around the elbow joint, where would you find the radial nerve?   in front of the lateral epicondyle  
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Around the elbow joint, where would you find the median nerve?   on the anterior median part of the cubital fossa  
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What is an occult fracture?   a fracture that does not appear in x-rays, although the bone shows new bone formation within three or four weeks of fracture.  
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What is olecranon bursitis?   student elbow, condition characterised by pain, swelling and inflammation of the olecranon bursa. Can be caused by leaning on it or repetitive movements.  
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What would you fracture if you extend your elbow to far?   olecranon process of ulna  
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If you have a posterior fat pad sign what have you probably fractured?   radial head  
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What do you have if you have an anterior fat pad displacement?   sail sign  
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Where do the postaxial nerves come from and what are they?   posterior cord, axillary and radial  
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Where do the preaxial nerves come from? And what are the major nerves   lateral and medial cord; musculocutaneous, median and ulnar  
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What does the distal row flexor retinaculum go between   hook of hammate and trapezium  
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What does the proximal row flexor retinaculum go between?   scaphoid and pisisform  
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There is a hole in the carpal tunnel, what does it house?   flexor carpi radialis  
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What is in the carpal tunnel?   flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and median nerve  
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Which vessels and Muscles are above the carpal tunnel?   ulnar A and ulnar N, palmaris longus  
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What M is beside the carpal tunnel?   flexor carpi radialis  
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What does it mean if the styloid of the radius and ulna are at the same level?   there is a fracture  
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How can you test for compartment syndrome of the forearm?   extend digits causing pain  
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What is compartment syndrome?   limb threating condition due to compression of nerves, blood vessels and muscle causing an increased pressure within a compartment  
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What passes under the pronator teres and the flexor digitorum superficialis? What is this tunnel called?   median nerve and the ulnar artery; Median tunnel  
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What 3 MM are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve and supplied by the artery?   pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus  
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What is dupuytren's contracture?   fixed flexion contracurtre of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and can not be fully extended.  
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What are the 4 compartments of the hand?   thenar, hypothenar, central and interosseous  
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What is in the hypothenar compartment of the hand?   3 hypothenar MM  
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What is in the thenar compartment of the hand?   3 thenar MM and tendon of flexor pollicis longus  
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What is in the central compartment of the hand?   flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals  
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What is in the interosseous compartment of the hand?   adductor pollicis, palmer interossei, dorsal interossei, metacarpals  
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How many arucate [annular] fibrous sheaths are in each digit and haow many cruciate fibrous sheaths are in each digit?   5, 4  
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An infection in the little finger can cause what?   ulnar bursitis or infection of the ulnar bursa which is part of the flexor sheath of the 5th digit. The infection will spread proximal  
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Which side are the lumbricals on?   lateral side  
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What are vincula?   tendinous bands that connect the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis  
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Where does the central slip attach?   base of middle phalanx  
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Where do the lateral bands attach?   distal phalanx  
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What does the extensor expansion divide into?   central slip and lateral bands  
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What is an Allen's test?   cut off circulation to both wrist- no circulation. Cut off circulation to 1 side of wrist- circulation to all hand. Shows there is a loop. used to test blood supply to the hand. It is performed prior to radial arterial blood sampling or cannulation.  
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What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?   brachioradialis, & lateral epicondyle, pronator teres $ medial epicondyle, brachial artery, median nerve  
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What are all the contents in the cubital fossa?   biceps tendon, brachial bifurcation, median nerve, ulnar artery and branches [ant inter, post inter], radial A and branches, radial nerve  
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What is a nurse maid elbow?   a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated arm  
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What is a supracondylar fracture?   rare in adults; usually of the distal humerus just above the epicondyles; associated with the development of serious complications.  
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What is a sign of a radial neck fracture and how do you treat?   posterior fat pad; just let them move it, no cast, maybe a splint  
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How do you treat a buckle fracture?   put in splint, out in a week; tiny bump  
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What is a colles fracture called? How does it occur and what is it?   Dinner fork fracture, distal radius fracture; ulnar and radial styloids may line up  
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What is a Smith's fracture?   fall on back of hand, happens in old people; fracture distal radius  
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What might pain under the snuff box indicate?   avascular necrosis of the scaphoid  
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What is a cubital tunnel and what is it's sign?   impingement of ulnar nerve at the elbow; handle bar neuropathy due to inflammation of the ulnar nerve  
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What is Wrist drop caused by?   radial nerve damage  
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What is lateral epicondylitis? What is it called? What does odon think causes it?   Tennis elbow ; inflammation, soreness, or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow; think is caused from supinator getting torn away from lateral collateral ligament  
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What is golfing elbow?   medial epicondylitis; caused by overuse of tendon  
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What causes monkey hand?   thenar wasting; also called hand of benediction; severed Median nerve at the level of the elbow or upper armThe ability to flex the digits 2–3 at the metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints is lost  
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What causes hand of benediction?   thenar wasting; hand of benediction results from a severed Median nerve at the level of the elbow or upper armThe ability to flex the digits 2–3 at the metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints is lost  
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What causes claw hand?   is an abnormal hand position that develops due to a problem with the ulnar nerve. Hypothenar wasting and lack of metacarpophalangeal flexion for 4th and 5th digit  
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What causes a boutonniere deformity?   avulsion of the central slip of the extensor expansion; lateral band slips  
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What causes mallet finger?   avulsion of the lateral bands of the extensor expansion off the distal phalange. Lose central slip;  
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What is a gamers thumb?   also known as skier's thumb or UCL tear) is a type of injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) ; injury to Medial Collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint  
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What is a skier's thumb?   Gamekeeper's thumb (also known as skier's thumb or UCL tear) is a type of injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) ; injury to Medial Collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint  
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What is Heberden's Node?   Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)  
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What is Bouchard's Node?   Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis,  
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What causes De Quervain's tendonitis? How do you test?   De Quervain's tendinitis occurs when the tendons around the base of the thumb are irritated or constricted. Extensor pollicis longus and brevis. Finkelstein test.  
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What causes gout?   Gout is a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in blood and causes joint inflammation.  
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What is Volkmann's contracture? What is it caued by?   permanent flexion contracture of hand at wrist; claw-like deformity; commonly cuased by supracondylar fracture of humerus due to obstruction of brachial artery  
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Which metacarpals are involved in skilled and unskileld boxer fractures?   Skilled-2nd and 3rd; unskilled- 5th  
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What kind of movement does a plane joint allow for? Give an example.   gliding movement; acromioclavicular joint  
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Referred pain to the shoulder often indicates what?   involvement of the phrenic nerve which involves the diaphragm because has same nerve root origins as the cutaneous supraclavicular nerve of that region.  
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What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?   synovial double plane joint  
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What kind of movemnt can a ball and socket joint do? Give an example.   360 degree movement: flex, extend, adduct, abduct, circumduct, rotate; glenohumeral joint  
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What reinforces the glenohumeral joint?   rotator cuff MM, glenohumeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligaments  
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Which muscles make up the rotator cuff MM?   Supraspinatus, Infraspiantus, Teres minor, Subscapularis  
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What do bursae do?   form a lubricating mechanism between bones  
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What kind of joint is the elbow? And what is its range of motion?   hinge joint; back and forth movement in one plane  
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