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Pituitary Disorders

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Question
Answer
Where is the pituitary gland located?   at the base of the brain in the sella turcica aka: "turkish saddle"  
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What is the pituitary gland also known as?   "master gland"  
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How big is the pituitary gland?   size of a pea  
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What is the pituitary gland influenced by?   hypothalamus  
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What does the pituitary gland do?   promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by the kidney and controls sexual development and function  
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How many parts is the pituitary gland divided into?   two  
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What are the parts that the pituitary gland are divided into?   anterior and posterior  
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what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?   adenohypophysis  
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What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?   Neurohypophysis  
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What is the anterior lobe's(adenohypophysis) function?   control growth, metabolism and sexual development  
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What is the posterior lobe's (neurohypophysis) function?   releases hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus  
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What hormones does the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) produce?   Somatotrophic growth stimulating hormone, Prolactin(PRL), TSH, Adrenocorticotropic(ACTH), FSH, LH  
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What hormones do the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)put into the body?   Vasopressin and ADH  
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What disorders are there of the anterior pituitary gland?   Hypofunction and Hyperfunction  
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What disorders are there of the posterior pituitary gland?   SIADH(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) and Diabetes Insipidus  
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What are two different categories that the disorders of the anterior pituitary gland labeled as?   primary(coming from gland itself) and secondary(coming from hypothalamus)  
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What are the Gonadotrophic hormones?   LH and FSH  
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What is Panhypopituitarism?   (rare)aka: "pituitary dwarfism", growth hormone deficiency refers to abnormally short height in childhood due to the lack of growth hormone  
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decreased ACTH and/or TSH is...   most serious  
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decreased LH and FSH....   results in sterility, infertility, amenorrhea, delayed puberty, ovarian failure  
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decreased GH....   results in delayed growth in children and fragile bones in adults  
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Gigantism?   rapid growth of long bones that occurs before puberty  
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symptoms of gigantism?   tall stature, mild to moderate obesity(common), macrocephaly, soft tissue hypertrophy, exaggerated growth of hands and feet w/thick fingers and toes, coarse facial features  
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acromegaly?   growth hormone hypersecretion where the bone and connective tissue continue to grow resulting in enlargement of face, hands and feet that occurs after puberty  
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Acromegaly can cause?   snoring, sleep apnea, carpal tunnel, and deepening of the voice  
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Acromegaly is...   a slow increase in bone thickness, hypertrophy of skin and organs  
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growth hormone is an....   insulin antagonist  
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symptoms of acromegaly...   polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia  
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hypopituitary assessment...   physical exam, direct measurement of pituitary hormone, MRI/CT (head)  
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symptoms of hypopituitarism...   h/a, confusion, visual changes, anosmia**hallmark sign**(lack of smell)  
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hypopituitary interventions...   testosterone(IM or transdermal)-men, estrogen and progesterone-women, GH injections, clomid and hCG for pregnancy  
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causes of hypopituitarism?   tumors**main cause**, surgery, radiation, infarction, metatastic disease, trauma(head), congenital defects  
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function impairment precipitated by...   severe malnutrition, rapid body fat loss, sheehan's syndrome  
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sheehan's syndrome...   postpartum condition of pituitary necrosis(postpartum hemorrhage)  
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causes of hyperpituitarism?   a GH oversecretion usually from a pituitary tumor or hypothalmic dysfunction  
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disorders of hyperpituitarism?   gigantism and acromegaly  
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hyperpituitary assessment...   clincal manifestations, psychosocial, lab tests(serum hormone levels,increased GH), CT/MRI  
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clinical manifestations of hyperpituitarism?   diabetes, increased hands,feet and lips, coarsening of skin, heart failure, sleep apnea  
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hyperpituitary treatments...   drugs(sandostatin-results shown in 5-10yrs), radiation(takes a long time-risk of eye damage), surgery(removal of tumor), hypophosectomy(removal of pituitary gland), craniotomy(rarely done)  
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Post op care for patient after hypophosectomy or transsphenoidal hypophysectomy...   head of bed elevated at least 30 degrees, nasal packing after 2-3 days, no coughing, sneezing, straining, brushing teeth or bending forward for 2 wks after  
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