Ch 10 Laboratory Procedures
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| Pregnancy tests detect pregnancy by the presence in either urine or serum of | human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone
(hCG is produced by the placenta and therefore provides evidence of pregnancy).
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| Confirmatory (alternative) testing is performed on samples to increase the medical assistant's confidence that the result of a test is correct. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about confirmatory tests? | confirmatory testing would not be done when the same results are normal
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| A test to determine the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine, according to the needs of the body, measures | specific gravity (the average normal range of specific gravity is 1.010 to 1.025).
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| In routine urinalysis, all of the following are physical properties of the urine EXCEPT | sediment
(color, appearance, specific gravity, odor, and turbitity are the characteristics of urine).
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| The range of the volume of urine voided by an adult during a 24-hour period is | 750-2000 mL
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| Clinitest is a test to detect | glucosuria
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| In performing a venipuncture, the medical assistant should not leave the tourniquet on the patient's arm, without releasing it, for longer than | 60 seconds
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| Due to excess lipids in the blood, turbid (lipemic) serum appears | cloudy and milky
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| If a blood sample is collected in a serum seperator gel tube, the medical assistant generally should allow a clot to form for what period of minute(s) before centrifuging? | 30 minutes
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| In quantative measurement of urobilinogen, the type of urine specimen required is a | 2 hour volume specimen
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| The organ in the body responsible for the production of insulin is the | pancreas
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| the storage form of glucose in the liver is | glycogen
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| A glucose tolerance test (GTT) measures the response of the sudden intake of glucose. The highest blood glucose reading for a normal person during the GTT will occur | 30-60 minutes after the test starts
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| The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a blood test used to assess the function of the | kidneys
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| High plasma cholesterol levels may be associated with which of the following | artherosclerosis
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| In structure form, cocci bacteria are found in which of the following shapes? | spherical
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| Which procedure is inappropriate when performing venipunctures? | release the tourniquet after withdrawing the needle
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| When doing a differential white cell count, the normal range of eosinophils is | 1-3%
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| A term indicating that a disease has become widespread in a population and has increased in territory is | Pandemic
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| The invasion of the body by any pathogenic organism is called | infection
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| Which of the following diseases is a fungus? | dermatophytosis (e.g., athlete's foot)
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| The smallest of the microorganisms are the | viruses
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| Cocci occuring in pairs are | diplococci
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| Cocci occurring in chains are | streptococci
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| Which federal regulation for the clinic laboratory specifies guidelines for quality control, quality assurance, adequate record keeping, and qualified personnel? | CLIA '88
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| Viruses differ from bacteria in that they have | either DNA or RNA
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| Which federal agency overseea the safety of health facilities including protection against occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus? | OSHA
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| The term used to indicate that two or more organisms are living together is | symbiosis
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| A term applied to bacteria that can adapt to an enviroment with or without oxygen is | facultative
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| Diseases that occur when the body apparently fails to recognize its own constituents and begins to produce antibodies to fight them are called | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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| Direct contact, droplets, and fomites are ways which viruses are transmitted to cause | influenza
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| Most rickettsial diseases are transmitted by | insects and ticks
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| The disease of Coccidioidomycosis is commonly called | San Joaquin fever
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| An example of a pathogenic fungus that a medical assistant may see in a physican's office is | ringworm
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| Which temperature scale is used in the medical laboratory because it has smaller units and is easier to calculate? | centigrade or Celsius scale
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| The test in microbiology or bacteriology that checks the susceptibility of an organism to specific antibiotics is the | sensitivity test
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| The Mantoux test is used to screen for pathogenic acid-fast organism, which causes | pneumonia and hepatitis
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| A persistent viral infection in which the symptoms come and go is called a/an | latent infection
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| Which of the followingis considered to be a CORRECT safety rule in the medical laboratory? | hands should be washed frequently and thoroughly
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| The stain most used to identify and study bacteria is the | Gram stain
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| Glucose meters are used in a physician's office laboratory and the home to monitor blood glucose levels. Which of the following equipment would NOT be necessary to perform a blood glucose meter? | distilled water
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| The normal range for a prothrombin time test is | 11-13 seconds
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| Which of the following radiographs (x-ray exams) would produce numerous cross-sectional images of a body part? | the CAT scan also known as computed tomography
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| The procedure that provides an image of a developing fetus thereby reveals the sex is | ultrasonography
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| A contrast media often used in radiographic diagnostic procedures of the gastric tract is | barium sulfate
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| The "chain of custody" referred to in drug testing in the work place is | a pre-employment drug screen program
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| Which of the following diagnostic radiology machines does not use x-ray or ionizing radiation of any kind? | magnetic resonance imaging
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| Which of the following statements about occult (hidden) blood in urine is FALSE? | if the urine sediment turns the regent test strip block white, the test is positive for occult blood
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| The presence of numerous leukocytes in the urine during microscopic examination is referred to as | pyuria
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| On the N-Multistix 10 SG, most tests can be read | In less than two minutes
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| In a reagent dipstick test for ketone bodies in the urine, the largest amounts are represented by an intensified | maroon color
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| If a urine specimen is to be sent to a laboratory for a bacteriologic culture, a female patient should be instructed to | collect a specimen midstream in a sterile bottle
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| The best urine sample to use for pregnancy test is a | first morning specimen
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| Ictotest is a tablet used to diagnose | liver function
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| Epithelial cells are reported as | The number per high-power field
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| An Addis count is done to determine | a patient's urinary output of formed elements for 12 hours
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| A wound culture would be obtained to identify which of the following? | any of the above (strep bacteria, staph bacteria, Gram-negative organisms, or other pathogens
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| X-rays may be potentially dangerous to employees in a physician's office where they are taken because | the effect of radiation is cumulative
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| The most effective way of being certain that indidviuals employed in a pysician's office are not receiving dangerous amounts of radiation is to | subscribe to a film badge service
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| Specimens colleceted for drug or alcohol analysis should be accompanied by | all of the above (purpose of test, collector's name, site of collection/date/time, pertinent comments about specimen)
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| The direct roentgen (x-ray) beam comes from the | x-ray tube
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| Secondary radiation is | emitted by the patient being filmed
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| Which of the following is not used in collecting sputum for cultures? | palpatation
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| A radiograph is a/an | permanent record of an x-ray image
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| A patient is scheduled for a retrograde pyelogram. The contrast medium will be administered | directly
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| A patient has been scheduled for an intravenous pyleogram (IVP) on a Tuesday morning. The medical assistant's instructions to the patient about diet for the preceding evening should be to eat | a light meal with nothing after 9:00pm
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| A patient has been scheduled for a cholecystogram. This is an examination of the | gallbladder
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| A patient who is having an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series will | drink a suspension of barium sulfate
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| The system of scientific measurement used in medical laboratories is the | metric system
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| Which of the following is not a compnent of blood? | epithilial cells
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| When a patient is placed in an AP (anteroposterior) position for radiography, the | anterior (front of the body) is facing the tube
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| The fragments of blood smears or in blood dilutions in order to predict the body's ability to clot are | platelets
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| Which of the following tests would not be performed on an automated hematology instrument? | Ivy (template) bleeding time
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| When you perform a chemical urinalysis test using a reagent strip, which one of the following tests would you expect to read positive? | urobilinogen
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| A blood cell that is very large with a nucleus that may be oval, indented, or horseshoe-shaped is a/an | monocyte
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| In a differential smear, platelets appear as very small azure-blue bodies when stained with | Wright's stain
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| RBC pipettes are made so that if blood is drawn tp the 0.5 mark and diluted to the 101 mark, the dilution will be | 1:200
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| A hemocytometer is counting chamber used to count cells microscopically. The total area on one side of the hemocytometer is | 9mm^2
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| If you performed a white blood cell count using a hemocytometer and the average cell count was 120, the dilution was 1:20, and the area counted was 4 mm^2, what would be reported as the answer? | 6000 WBC/mm^3
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| The normal WBCs per cubic millimeter for both men and women is | 4500-11,000
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| Automated blood cell counters are now commonly used not only in hospitals but also in physicians' offices. Which one of the following statements about automated instruments is FALSE? | they count fewer numbers of cells
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| A fibrometer is an automated analyzer that is used to perform | coagulation determinations using clot formation
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| The normal RBC count for men, reported as millions of cells per cubic millimeter, is | 4.5-6.0
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| A complete blood cell count (CBC) consists of all of the following when capillary blood is used EXCEPT | erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate)
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| On long standing, urine becomes | alkaline (basic)
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| Usually the most concentrated urine (greatest specific gravity) is voided | first thing in the morning
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| A 2-hour postpradial urine specimen is commonly ordered by the physician when he or she is particularly interested in knowing the results for | glucose
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| If a urine specimen is not collected properly, blood might be found as a contaminant in the specimen of | women who are menstruating
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| Normal urine has a PH range of | 4.5-8.0
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| The normal specific gravity of urine usually ranges between | 1.010-1.025
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| The weight of a given volume of a substance divided by the weight of the same volume of water is the formula for | specific gravity
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| For the highest possible magnification, the 100X oil immersion lens is used with an eyepiece (ocular) that gives a magnification of 10X. This allows the medical assistant to see an object | 1,000 time its actual size
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| Which of the following procedures represents proper handling or care of the microscope? | clean all excess oil from the oil immersion objective with lens paper
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| When a microscopic slide is to be examined, the field is found by | lowering the lower power objective using the course adjustment
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| For microscopic examination, slides are placed on the | stage
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| The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued recommendations known as Universal Precautions for the prevention of such diseases as | AIDS and hepatitis
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| From what are of the respiratory tract should sputum be collected | lungs
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| For examination of a stool specimen for occult blood, the specimen | need not be kept warm or examined immediately
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| Papanicolaou smears are specimens of cells which are analyzed to detect | cancer of the cervix
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| Normal bleeding time using Duke's method is | 1-3 minutes
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| In making a fincure puncture, a medical assistant should be careful to avoid | squeezing the puncture to encourage bleeding
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| An example of Gram-negative organism is | Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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| An example of Gram- positive organism is | Staphylococcus
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| A glucometer is designed to give readings of | blood glucose values
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| Expressed in terms of mm/hour, the normal range of Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for men older than 50 is | 0-20
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| The average range of hemoglobin values for women, expressed as g/100 mL, is | 12.5-15
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| In a differential white blood count cell count, basophils and eosinophils may average | less than 5%
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| In a differential white blood cell counts of adults, lymphocytes may average | 60-80%
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| In a normal differential WBC count, neutrophils average approximately | 50-70%
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| The normal hemocratic reading for men is approximately | 40-52%
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| Which of the following may result in accidental needle sticks to the medical assistant? | careful recap needles before disposal
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| One of the recommended AIDS-related precautions for medical assistant is to disinfect work surfaces and equipment with | sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
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| The(CDC) has developed guidelines recognizing the infectious potential of any patient specimen. Which of the following guidelines provides the single greatest protection against AIDS and other bloodborne pathogens? | isolate each biological specimen from the worker
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| A quality control program in a laboratory ensures the reliability of the tests and their results. Which of the following would cause errors in a quality control program? | the quality control program should be posted weekly
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| Levy-Jennings charts are used in the laboratory to make easy comparisons of tests controls in order to have better | quality contril
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| Blood serum | may be seperated from the blood cells by centrifugation
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| Plasma | is always collected in green-top tubes
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| When performing a venipuncture, | all tubes containing an anticoagulant or preservative should be allowed to fill to exhaustionof the vacuum
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| To inform and prepare a patient for a fasting glucose determination,the medical assistant should instruct the patient to | fast 8-12 hours
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| To perform a venipuncture, the medical assistant should | All of the above (swab the site with alcohol, stand in front of the patient, penetrate the skin about 1/4 inch below the point where the vein will be entered, and enter the skin and vein with the needle at a 15-degree angle
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| The medical assistant who prepares blood smears | keep the spreader slide at a 35- to 40-degree angle, place one-half of a drop about 1/2 to 3/4 inch from end of the slide, bring spreader slide back into the drop to start the smear
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| Which of the following factors must be included when calculating a blood cell count that has performed using the Unopette and hemocytometer? | number of cells counted, the area counted, dilution factor, and depth of the fluid on th hemacytometer
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| Which of the following blood parameters is performed with a colorimeter within an automatic blood cell counter | white cell differential
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| Pycisians often order a clinical laboratory panel or profile on a patient when they are checking a particular body organ or system. which of the following is NOT a common profile study ordered by the physician? | diabetic screening
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| Which venipuncture type is preferred to obtain blood from patients who are hard to stick? | the butterfly method
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| The reagant strip method for occult blood in urine is measuring amounts of | intact red blood cells and free hemoglobin
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| The part(s) of the microscope resonsible for regulating the light that strikes the object are the | condenser and iris diaphram
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| Agglutination test kits used to detect the presence of heterophil antibodies that are found in plasma or serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) contain the following | slides, reagents, positive control, and negative control.
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| Which of the following tests are used to diagnose the disease syphilis? | VDRL
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| To determine the specific gravity of a urine sample in a pysician's office, a medical assistant might use which of the following? | The falling drop method
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| A good blood cell differential smear includes which of the following? | making a feathered edge
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| Which of the following written instructions will NOT be given to patients for 24-hour urine collections? | add one-fourth of a cup of bleach to the container as a preservative
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| Which instruction to a female patient for a clean-catch specimen is correct. | collect a first urine
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| The following criteria must be met to obtain reliable pregnancy tets results EXCEPT | at least 60 days must have passed since the beginning of the patient's last menstrual period for a positive result
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| If a urine sample is permitted to stand for a period longer than 1 hour at room temperature without a preservative, which of the following will NOT occur? | glucose levels may increase
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| The diagnostic ultrasound uses vary high frequentcy inaudible sound waves that bounce off the body to record information on the structure of internal organs. The record produced is called a/an | sonogram or echogram
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| Which of the following laboratory tests indicates the need for immediate action (an action value)? | high protein level in a urine specimen
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