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Muscloskeletal Exam Review

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Question
Answer
What is bone made of?   Osseous connective tissue  
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What are fetal bones made of?   cartilage and fibrous tissue  
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The process of depositing calcium in bone and replacing cartilage is called?   ossification and calcification  
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What are mature bone cells called?   osteocytes  
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What are immature, bone building cells called?   osteoblasts  
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Cells that breakdown bone and maintain bone interiors and shape are called?   osteoclasts  
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Periosteum   outer covering of bones  
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Compact bone   hard outer shell of bone  
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Haversian canal   canal in compact bones, hold blood vessels  
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Medullary cavity   space in shaft of long bones  
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Articular cartilage   cartilage at ends of long bones  
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Diaphysis   shaft of the long bone  
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Epiphysis   ends of developing bones  
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Cancellous bone   inner spongy, porous bone  
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Trabeculae   lattice work in cancellous bone  
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Endosteum   thin membrane, lines medullary cavity  
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Red bone marrow is called hemopoeitic tissue because?   It produces blood cells  
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Where is red bone marrow found?   flat bones: skull, scapula, sternum, ribs ilium,and ends of long bones  
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What does yellow bone marrow store?   fat  
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Where is yellow bone marrow found?   shafts of adult long bones  
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What is the only movable bone of the skull?   mandible  
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What is the foramen magnum>   hole in base of skull (occipital bone) Spinal cord passes through it  
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Which bones are found at the shoulder joint?   scapula, humerus, clavicle  
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The vertebral body is the ________ portion of the vertabra?   anterior  
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The vertebral arch is the ________ portion of the vertebra?   posterior  
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The process of the scapula that forms the top of the shoulder is called   acromion process  
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The process of the proximal end of the ulna, commonly referred to as the elbow is called   olecranon process  
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Name the 3 bones fused together to form the os coxae or "hip bone"   ilium, ischium, pubic bone  
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The place where 2 or more bones come together is called a joint or   articulation  
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A non movable joint is called   synarthrosis  
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A partially movable joint is called   amphiarthrosis  
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A fully movable join is called   diarthrosis or synovial joint  
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What lines joints?   synovial membranes  
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What do synovial membranes produce?   synovial fluid, which cushions the joint and decreases stress and friction  
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ligament   connective tissue that binds bones to other bones  
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bursa   connective tissue sac of fluid at or around a joint  
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torticollis   stiff neck  
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kyphosis   humpback-- exaggerated thoracic curve  
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scoliosis   lateral curvature  
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lordosis   excessive lumbar curve--swayback  
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dislocation   traumatic injuries to joints where bones in a joint are forcefully separated. May or may not involve rupture of ligaments  
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subluxation   bones in joint move out of alignment, but do not dislocate  
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tendon   attaches muscle to bone  
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What is a compound or open fracture   The bone breaks through the skin  
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What is a simple or closed fracture   does not break through skin  
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What is a spiral fracture   Break spirals around bone. Seen in skiing accidents and abuse  
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What is a comminuted fracture   A break in multiple pieces, shattered  
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Putting fractured bone back into alignment is called   reduction  
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When putting bones back into alignment without surgery it is called   closed reduction  
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When putting bones back into alignment requires surgery it is called   open reduction  
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Holding bones in alignment is called   immobilization  
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When hardware must be used to keep bones together it is called   internal fixation  
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What is the abbreviation for and "internal fixation"   ORIF--open reduction, internal fixation  
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The disease characterized by a decrease in bone density from loss of calcium salts and causing thinning and weakness of the bone is called   osteoporosis  
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A bacterial infection of the bone and bone marrow is called   osteomyelitis  
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What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis   open/compound fracture  
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What is rickets   bending/bowing of bones from vitamin D deficiency  
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What is osteoarthritis   inflammation of joint caused by thinning of articular cartilage, thickened synovial fluid, enlarged painful joints  
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What is rheumatoid arthritis   systemic inflammatory disease, autoimmune, causes inflammation and damage to joint, deformity and impaired movement  
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What is gout   inflammation of joint from uric acid crystals in joint. A metabolic disorder  
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What is an arthroscopy   a visual exam of joint using a scope  
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What is arthrography   injection of dye into the joint for imaging  
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What is myelography   injection of dye into spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord  
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