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Solutions

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What affects rate of solvation?   increase temperature of solvent, increase surface area (decrease particle size), agitate (stir)  
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How does pressure affect solubility of a gas in a liquid?   Increased pressure increases the solubility of a gas. (soda can is pressurized to keep gas in solution)  
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electrolyte   ionic compounds which dissociate in water to form solutions that conduct electricity; ionizes  
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miscible   two LIQUIDS that are soluble in each other  
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immiscible   two LIQUIDS that are NOT soluble in each other  
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What makes water a good solvent?   It is polar.  
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Will water dissolve ionic compounds?   Yes  
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like dissolves like means   polar dissolves polar; nonpolar dissolves nonpolar  
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How does temperature affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid?   As temperature increases the solubility of a gas decreases, particles are moving around too much to say in solution.  
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Why do electrolytes conduct electricity?   The compound dissociates into ions.  
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Saturated solution   a solution that holds the maximum amount of solvent; disoociation and crystallization are in equilibrium  
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Unsaturated solution   a solution that holds less than the maximum amount of solute; more solute can be added  
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Supersaturated solution   a solution that holds more than the maximum amount of solute  
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What is the difference between tap water and distilled water?   Tap water has dissolved minerals, distilled water does not  
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Soluble   solute can dissolve in solvent  
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Insoluble   solute cannot dissolve in solvent  
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Salt is dissolved in water. Compare the attraction between the sodium and chloride and between the water and sodium and chloride ions   The attraction between the water and the sodium and chloride ions is stronger than the attraction between the sodium and chloride ions that is why salt dissolves in water.  
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What is the molarity of a solution in which 58g of NaCl are dissolved in 1.0L of solution?   .99 mol/L  
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How many grams of KNO3 should be used to prepare 2.00 L of a 0.500 M solution?   101 g KNO3  
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To what volume should 5.0g of KCl be diluted in order to prepare a 0.25 M solution.   0.27 L  
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If 100 mL of 18M sulfuric acid is diluted to 250 mL, what is the new concentration?   7 M  
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To what volume should 25 mL of 15 M nitric acid be diluted to prepare a 3.0 M solution?   .13 L  
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Be able to read a solubility graph.   Analyze the graph, determine type of solution  
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solvent   one doing the dissolving; greater portion  
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solute   one being dissolved; smaller portion  
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dissociation   separation of ions; splitting apart  
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solvation   surrounding solute particles by solvent particles  
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hydration   solvation where water is the solvent  
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How would an increase in temperature affect the solubility of a liquid?   In general, the solubility would increase.  
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How would an increase in temperature affect the solubility of a gas?   the solubility would decrease.  
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strong electrolyte   ions dissociate completely  
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weak electrolyte   ions partially dissociate  
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nonelectrolyte   compounds that dissolve in solution but do not conduct electricity  
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