Anatomy of the Heart & Electrical system
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atrium | 2 upper chambers of the heart
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ventricle | 2 lower chamber of the heart
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interventricular septum | separates right and left ventricles
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interatrial septum | separates right and left atrium
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pulmonic valve | semilunar on right between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Sending blood to the lungs
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mitral valve | AV on left between the left atrium and the left ventricle
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aortic valve | semilunar on left between the left ventricle and the aorta. Sending blood to the rest of the body
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tricuspid valve | AV on right between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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sternum | center of chest /
breastbone
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pulmonary artery | carries unoxygenated from the heart to the lungs
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pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart/left atrium
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xiphoid process | cartilage at the end of the sternum
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inferior vena cava | large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium
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superior vena cava | large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium
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aorta | receives blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. largest artery in the body
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arteries | carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
except: pulmonary artery
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veins | carry unoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart
except: pulmonary vein
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atrioventricular valves / AV valves | valves from the atrium to the ventricles: tricuspid & mitral valves
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semilunar valves | valves in ventrical allows blood out to the rest of the body: pulmonic & aortic valves
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septum | muscle between right and left sides of the heart
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endocardium | the inner layer lining of the heart
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myocardium | the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart
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epicardium | the fibrous layer of the heart.The coronary arteries,which supply blood to heart, found in this layer.
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pericarduim sac | double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
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clavicle | collar bones
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ribs | intercostal spaces
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thoracic cavity | holds the heart and lungs
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abdominal cavity | holds all other organs
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diaphragm muscle | divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities
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unoxygenated blood | enters on right side of heart going to lungs
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oxygenated blood | enters left side of heart from lungs
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sinoatrial node | posterior wall of the right atrium initiates every heart beat
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avieoli | air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occur. from carbon dioxide to oxygen.
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chordae tendineae | strands of tendon that anchor the cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valves. allows to open and close
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papillary muscle | tendinous cords that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves
allows to open and close
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right coronary artery | vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.
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left coronary artery | first vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
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circumflex artery | feeds oxygenated blood to the lateral and postiera walls.
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left anterior descending artery | brings oxygenated blood to the front of heart of the left ventricle and down to the apex
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sinoatrial node - SA node | located in upper right atrium initiate every heart beat. natural pacemaker.initiates atrium contraction
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atrioventricular node - AV node | located in the lower right atrium receives impulses from the SA node. slows down to 40/60bpm. allows atrium to empty
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internodal pathways | located in the left atrium coming from the SA node. also known as the Bachmann's bundle
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atrial contraction | SA node - internodal pathway - AV node
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bundle of his | coming from AV node, located in the right ventricle side, by the septum. starts ventricular contractions
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bundle branches | interventricular septum coming from right atrium down to the right and left ventricls
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right bundle branch | stimulates the right ventricle
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left bundle branch | stimulates the left ventricle, anterior fascicle & posterior fascicle
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anterior fascicle | stimulates front wall and superior portion
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posterior fascicle | stimulates back wall in the inferior portions
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purkinje fibers | stimulates the apex of the heart
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ventricular contraction | bundle of his - bundle branches - purkinje fibers
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right side of heart unoxygeated blood going to the lungs | superior venacava - right atrium - inferior venacava - tricuspid valve -
right ventrical - pulmonic valve
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left side of heart oxygenated blood going to the rest of the body | aorta - pulmonary artery - pulmonary veins- left atrium - mitral valve - left ventrical - aortic valve
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bpm | beats per minute
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capillaries | smallest vessels connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange gases oxygen & carbon dioxide
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Depolarization | Doing - contraction - pushes blood out
active stage
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Repolarization | Resting - allows blood in
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Na+ | sodium
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K+ | Potassium - Kalemia ALWAYS NEGATIVE
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sodium & potassium | most important to the heart, can NOT function without the right amounts
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lasix | medicine to get rid of unwanted fluid in the body
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repolarization cell - resting | K+ potassium inside cell is negatively charged
Na+ sodium outside is positive
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contractility | shortening and lengthening
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extensibility | stretching
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myocardial cells | muscle cells
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myocardium electrical cells | stimulated by the electrical system
production & conduction of the stimulation (impulse)will work if SA node is not working
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A. automacticity | ability of the cell to generate an impulse
start a heart beat
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B. excitability | ability to respond to the impulse
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C. conductivity | ability to transmit the impulse from cell to to cell
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intercollated disc | allows the transfer of an impulse from cell to next.
allows for conductivity
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cusp | three leaflet - valve tricuspid
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conduction | electrical system
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Created by:
joanneb
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