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Anatomy of the Heart & Electrical system

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Question
Answer
atrium   2 upper chambers of the heart  
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ventricle   2 lower chamber of the heart  
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interventricular septum   separates right and left ventricles  
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interatrial septum   separates right and left atrium  
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pulmonic valve   semilunar on right between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Sending blood to the lungs  
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mitral valve   AV on left between the left atrium and the left ventricle  
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aortic valve   semilunar on left between the left ventricle and the aorta. Sending blood to the rest of the body  
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tricuspid valve   AV on right between the right atrium and the right ventricle  
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sternum   center of chest / breastbone  
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pulmonary artery   carries unoxygenated from the heart to the lungs  
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pulmonary vein   carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart/left atrium  
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xiphoid process   cartilage at the end of the sternum  
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inferior vena cava   large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium  
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superior vena cava   large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium  
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aorta   receives blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. largest artery in the body  
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arteries   carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart except: pulmonary artery  
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veins   carry unoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart except: pulmonary vein  
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atrioventricular valves / AV valves   valves from the atrium to the ventricles: tricuspid & mitral valves  
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semilunar valves   valves in ventrical allows blood out to the rest of the body: pulmonic & aortic valves  
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septum   muscle between right and left sides of the heart  
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endocardium   the inner layer lining of the heart  
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myocardium   the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart  
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epicardium   the fibrous layer of the heart.The coronary arteries,which supply blood to heart, found in this layer.  
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pericarduim sac   double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.  
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clavicle   collar bones  
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ribs   intercostal spaces  
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thoracic cavity   holds the heart and lungs  
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abdominal cavity   holds all other organs  
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diaphragm muscle   divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities  
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unoxygenated blood   enters on right side of heart going to lungs  
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oxygenated blood   enters left side of heart from lungs  
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sinoatrial node   posterior wall of the right atrium initiates every heart beat  
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avieoli   air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occur. from carbon dioxide to oxygen.  
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chordae tendineae   strands of tendon that anchor the cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valves. allows to open and close  
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papillary muscle   tendinous cords that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves allows to open and close  
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right coronary artery   vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.  
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left coronary artery   first vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart  
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circumflex artery   feeds oxygenated blood to the lateral and postiera walls.  
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left anterior descending artery   brings oxygenated blood to the front of heart of the left ventricle and down to the apex  
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sinoatrial node - SA node   located in upper right atrium initiate every heart beat. natural pacemaker.initiates atrium contraction  
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atrioventricular node - AV node   located in the lower right atrium receives impulses from the SA node. slows down to 40/60bpm. allows atrium to empty  
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internodal pathways   located in the left atrium coming from the SA node. also known as the Bachmann's bundle  
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atrial contraction   SA node - internodal pathway - AV node  
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bundle of his   coming from AV node, located in the right ventricle side, by the septum. starts ventricular contractions  
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bundle branches   interventricular septum coming from right atrium down to the right and left ventricls  
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right bundle branch   stimulates the right ventricle  
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left bundle branch   stimulates the left ventricle, anterior fascicle & posterior fascicle  
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anterior fascicle   stimulates front wall and superior portion  
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posterior fascicle   stimulates back wall in the inferior portions  
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purkinje fibers   stimulates the apex of the heart  
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ventricular contraction   bundle of his - bundle branches - purkinje fibers  
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right side of heart unoxygeated blood going to the lungs   superior venacava - right atrium - inferior venacava - tricuspid valve - right ventrical - pulmonic valve  
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left side of heart oxygenated blood going to the rest of the body   aorta - pulmonary artery - pulmonary veins- left atrium - mitral valve - left ventrical - aortic valve  
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bpm   beats per minute  
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capillaries   smallest vessels connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange gases oxygen & carbon dioxide  
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Depolarization   Doing - contraction - pushes blood out active stage  
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Repolarization   Resting - allows blood in  
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Na+   sodium  
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K+   Potassium - Kalemia ALWAYS NEGATIVE  
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sodium & potassium   most important to the heart, can NOT function without the right amounts  
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lasix   medicine to get rid of unwanted fluid in the body  
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repolarization cell - resting   K+ potassium inside cell is negatively charged Na+ sodium outside is positive  
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contractility   shortening and lengthening  
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extensibility   stretching  
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myocardial cells   muscle cells  
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myocardium electrical cells   stimulated by the electrical system production & conduction of the stimulation (impulse)will work if SA node is not working  
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A. automacticity   ability of the cell to generate an impulse start a heart beat  
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B. excitability   ability to respond to the impulse  
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C. conductivity   ability to transmit the impulse from cell to to cell  
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intercollated disc   allows the transfer of an impulse from cell to next. allows for conductivity  
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cusp   three leaflet - valve tricuspid  
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conduction   electrical system  
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