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Chapter 9 Vocabulary

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Question
Answer
Solute   The substance dissolved in a liquid.  
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Solvent   The dissolving medium in a solution.  
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Solution   A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.  
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Aqueous   Something made up of water.  
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Freezing Point depression   The difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.  
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Boiling Point elevation   The difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.  
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Saturated   A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute  
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Unsaturated   A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.  
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Supersaturated   A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.  
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Distillation   The act of purifying liquids through boiling, so that the gaseous vapors or steam condense to a pure liquid.  
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Filtering   To break a solution into a purer substance by retracting unwanted molecules.  
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Chromatography   Process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency.  
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Solubility   The amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.  
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Mixture   A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.  
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Homogeneous   Having a uniform composition throughout.  
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Heterogeneous   Not having a uniform composition throughout.  
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Suspension   A mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.  
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Colloid   A mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions.  
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Disassociation   The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.  
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Electrolyte   A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.  
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Nonelectrolyte   A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.  
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Precipitate   A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.  
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Ionic equation   A chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as disassociated ions.  
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Molecular equation   Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.  
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Spectator ion   An ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction.  
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Acid   Compound that gives of H+ ions in solution.  
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Base   Substance which gives off hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.  
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Neutralization   A reaction between acid and base which neutralizes both and results in the formation of water plus a salt.  
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Oxidation   The loss of electrons.  
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Reduction   The gain of electrons by a compound or ion.  
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Molarity   The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.  
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Molality   The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.  
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Dilution   Reducing the concentration of a solution by adding solvent.  
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Titration   Reacting a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of a known concentration for the purpose of finding out more about the unknown concentration.  
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Concentration   The amount of solute in a solution.  
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