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Module 7: Cellular Reproduction and DNA

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Question
Answer
Genetics   The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring  
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Genetic factors   The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA  
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Environmental factors   Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices  
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Spiritual factors   The factors in a person's life that are determine by the quality of his or her relationship with God  
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Gene   A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait  
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Messenger RNA   The RNA that performs transcription  
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Anticodon   A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA  
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Codon   A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid  
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Chromosome   DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell  
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Mitosis   A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells  
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Interphase   The time interval between cellular reproduction  
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Mother cell   A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles  
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Centromere   The region that joins two sister chromatids  
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Karyotype   The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs  
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Diploid cell   A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs  
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Haploid cell   A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair  
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Diploid number (2n)   The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell  
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Haploid number (n)   The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell  
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Meiosis   The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)  
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Gametes   Haploid cells (n) produced by dilpoid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction  
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Virus   A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: (1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat. (2) It cannot reproduce on its own.  
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Antibodies   Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents  
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Vaccine   A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen  
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Created by: Makenshi
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