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Chapter 3: Biomechanics and Applied Kinesiology

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Question
Answer
Abduction?   middle deltoid functions as the prime mover for shouluder  
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adductor function?   stabilize the thighduring lunges  
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adductor muscles?   pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor minimus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis  
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agonist   primer mover - muscles that causes motion  
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antagonist   muscles with the potential to oppose the action off the agonist  
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anterior hip muscles   iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensar fascia latae, pecineus  
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anterior muscles acting at the ankle?   dorsiflexors: anterior tibialis, extensor digitorium longus, extensor hallucis longus  
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anterior pelvic tilt   contraction of the iliopsoas/lower back muscle  
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anterior shoulder girdle muscles   perctoralosis major, serratus anterior  
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aponeurosis:   insertion point of the external obliques: forms outer layer of connective tissue sheath that covers the rectus abdominis  
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what is the best way to avoid knee injury during squats?   limit degree of flexion to 90 degrees  
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what is the body's center of gravity?   point at which mass in concentrated and its balanced in all planes  
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Cause of wieght training overuse & stress injuries?   reliance on momentum to lift weights with muscles lacking the strenth to stop the momentum  
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cause of muscular imbalance?   moving, standing, sitting, workng habits  
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classes of levers?   1.long level arm: whellbarrow; motive force far from axis can lift large object with small force 2. lever arm" equal distance motive and resistive force 3. the body short lever arm _ must use lots of force to lift small reistance  
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co-contraction:   when agonist and antagonist contract together & a joint must be stabilized  
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concentric-   muscles shortens and overcomes resistance ( ex. Biceps curl UP)  
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eccentric -   muscle action that involves lengthening as tension is created. muscle lengthens and produces forces or returns to is resting lenth from shortened position (ex biceps curl down);External force -Gravity  
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exercise analysis   1. Id joint movement 2. movement speed and resistance 3 Gravity? 4. ID muscles causing Joint movement 5. contraction type. 6. movers and stabilizers 7. movement achieve goal of exercise? 8? does exercise train primary function of the muscle  
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exercise analysis(2)   9. does movement compromise safety of the other body parts? are non moving joints stabilzed/ neutral ? 10/ how can the exercise be adapted to meet client needs (more or less difficult)  
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External Hip Rotator Muscles?   beneath the gluteus maximus - top to bottom: Piriformis, gemelli superior; qburator internus, gemelli inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femors  
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external hip rotators function?   rotate hip externally keep femoral head in socket stabilize and alighn the hip  
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External Obliques?   the most superficial sbdominal muscles.  
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