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chapter 5 earthquake notes

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Question
Answer
stress   a force that acts on an area of rock to change its shape or volume  
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tension   streches rock and pulls on the crust.  
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compression   pushes rock together  
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shearing   can cause masses of rock to slip  
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normal faults   has tension in Earths crust pulls rock apart  
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hanging wall   the block of rock that lies abouve  
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footwall   a rock that lies below  
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reverse fault   has the same strucsure as a normal fault,but the blocks move in the opposite direction  
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strike-slip fault   the rocks on either side of the fault slip past eachother sideways with little up or down motion  
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surface waves   move more slowley than P waves and S waves  
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P waves   when the crust vibrates forward and back along the path of the wave  
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S waves   when the crust vibrates from side to side and up and down  
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mercalli scale   was devoloped to rate earthquakes according to their intetensity or strength at a place  
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magnitude   a number that geologist assign to an earthquake based on the its size  
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ritcher scale   assigns a magnitude number to an earthquake based on the seismic wave size  
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siesmograoh   an instroment that recordes and measures siesmic waves  
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moment magnitude scale   a rating system that estimates the total energy realeased by an earthquake  
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earthquake   the shaking that results from the sudden movment of rock along a fault  
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focus   the area beneath earths surface where rock that is under stress breaks making an earthquake.  
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epicenter   the focus directly above the point on the surface.  
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Created by: alikat
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