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sociology midterm

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Question
Answer
macro-level orientation   a broad focus on social structure that shape society as a whole  
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4 themes of Forbidden Fruit   1.ambivalence 2.sex is not rampant 3.religious involvement is not equal to religious influence 4.social context matters  
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structure   any relatively stable pattern of social behavior  
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church   a type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society  
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ritual   a formal, ceremonial behavior  
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ethnocentric   don't always realize we are in our own culture  
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denomination   recognizes religious pluralism  
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paradigm   accepted way of thinking  
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subculture   cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population  
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forms   variation of societal legitimacy; most-legit:church least-legit: cult ex: churches, sects, cults.  
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2 perspectives of sociology   1. seeing strange in familiar 2. seeing personal choice in social context  
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sociological perspective   the systematic study of human society (individuals, groups, institutions, etc.); searching for general patterns in the behavior of particular people.  
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religion   social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred  
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2 types of culture   1. material 2. non-material  
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culture shock   usually are quite aware when we are in different culture  
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sect   religious organization that stands apart from religious society  
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totems   religious symbols, usually reflecting the sacred  
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profane   the ordinary and commonplace elements of life as distinguished  
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family   social institution in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children  
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sex   biological distinctions and sex characteristics  
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sexual orientation   romantic & emotional attraction to another person  
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counterculture   cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society  
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culture   the way of life among a people  
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patrilocal   a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the husband's family  
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exogamy   marriage between people of different social categories  
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endogamy   marriage between people of the same social category  
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secularization   the historical decline in the importance of the super-natural and the sacred  
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polytheism   belief in many gods  
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monotheism   belief in a single divine power  
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micro-level orientation   a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations  
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neolocal   a residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from both sets of parents  
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matrilocal   a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the wife's family  
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socialization   process by which individuals learn social norms by ex: family, groups, organizations, media  
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latent function   unintended function  
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extended family   a family in which relatives live in the same home as parents and their children  
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moral order   a sense of right & wrong  
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cult   has a charismatic leader, message is highly outside of social norms; offensive-counter-culture  
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sacred   elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, reverence  
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profane   included as an ordinary element or everyday life  
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homosexual   low heterosexual but high homosexual attraction  
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asexual   low heterosexual or homosexual attraction  
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religion   institutionalized system or symbols beliefs, and values, and practices to interpret the sacred and ultimate meaning  
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erotic   arousing sexual love or desire  
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functionalism paradigm   society is a system of interdependent sub-systems; change is evolutionary in developmental ways; developed by Emile Durkheim  
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bisexual   high heterosexual and high homosexual attraction  
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heterosexual   high heterosexual but low homosexual attraction  
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manifest function   intended function or outcome  
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function   consequence of any social pattern, outcome of the structure  
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symbolic interactionism paradigm   split into macro and micro; developed by Max Weber and Erving Goffman; society is produced by everyday interactions; symbols are negotiated, meanings assigned to set of symbols, change occurs within those societies when the interactions change  
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available options   no public education means no schools; use resources around  
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belief   part of culture; learn from family, friends ex:religion  
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law   norm that has been codified by government ex:can't kill people  
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norm   everyday societal things; socially accepted mode of behavior ex: standing in elevator facing forward  
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sociology   the systematic study of human society  
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conflict paradigm   developed by Karl Marx, social system maintained to benefit those in power, change is a product of conflict among groups  
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nuclear family   type of family where married couple and their unmarried children live together  
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cohabitation   the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple  
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structural-functional approach   framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability  
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social-conflict approach   framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change  
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religiosity   the importance of religion in a person's life  
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Confucianism   morals more important than self interest  
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Judaism   believe they are God's chosen people, follow Old Testament and 10 Commandments  
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Buddhism   nirvana, study teachings of Siddhartha Gautama  
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Islam   God came to the world through the prophet Muhammad, who then put it in the Qur'an  
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Hinduism   Universe is made of moral force, believes in dharma and karma  
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Christianity   Jesus is the son of God  
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egalitarian   believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal opportunities  
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family   social institutions in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including children  
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family diversities   race, class, gender  
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family functions   reproduce/make babies, raise children  
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marginality   feeling like an outsider  
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15, mom died when young, rebellious in teens, catholic household, sister brought her into faith, regrets losing virginity   Valerie  
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17, parents are 2 diff. faiths(roman catholic/ortho), goes to ortho church, strong morals, virgin, but participates in oral sex with gf   Ben  
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15, cheerleader, family doesn't attend church, Methodist household, goes to Baptist church with friends, values tolerance, references bible, sex with bf but its okay   Kristin  
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16, African American, extremely religious claims, doesn't like Baptists, judges other religions, sex w/ friend, screw up; ask God for forgiveness   Jarrod  
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17, arrested for marijuana, high religiosity, goes to Roman Catholic church, wishes he could escape religion, upset about not having sex recently   Justin  
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17, close-knit family, not raised religiously, brought parents into faith, Evangelical Protestant, virgin, bf of 2 years   Carla  
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subculture   cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a societies population  
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counterculture   cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society  
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