sociology midterm
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macro-level orientation | a broad focus on social structure that shape society as a whole
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4 themes of Forbidden Fruit | 1.ambivalence
2.sex is not rampant
3.religious involvement is not equal to religious influence
4.social context matters
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structure | any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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church | a type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society
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ritual | a formal, ceremonial behavior
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ethnocentric | don't always realize we are in our own culture
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denomination | recognizes religious pluralism
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paradigm | accepted way of thinking
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subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
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forms | variation of societal legitimacy; most-legit:church least-legit: cult ex: churches, sects, cults.
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2 perspectives of sociology | 1. seeing strange in familiar
2. seeing personal choice in social context
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sociological perspective | the systematic study of human society (individuals, groups, institutions, etc.); searching for general patterns in the behavior of particular people.
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religion | social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
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2 types of culture | 1. material
2. non-material
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culture shock | usually are quite aware when we are in different culture
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sect | religious organization that stands apart from religious society
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totems | religious symbols, usually reflecting the sacred
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profane | the ordinary and commonplace elements of life as distinguished
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family | social institution in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children
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sex | biological distinctions and sex characteristics
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sexual orientation | romantic & emotional attraction to another person
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counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
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culture | the way of life among a people
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patrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the husband's family
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exogamy | marriage between people of different social categories
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endogamy | marriage between people of the same social category
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secularization | the historical decline in the importance of the super-natural and the sacred
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polytheism | belief in many gods
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monotheism | belief in a single divine power
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micro-level orientation | a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations
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neolocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from both sets of parents
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matrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the wife's family
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socialization | process by which individuals learn social norms by ex: family, groups, organizations, media
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latent function | unintended function
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extended family | a family in which relatives live in the same home as parents and their children
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moral order | a sense of right & wrong
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cult | has a charismatic leader, message is highly outside of social norms; offensive-counter-culture
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sacred | elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, reverence
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profane | included as an ordinary element or everyday life
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homosexual | low heterosexual but high homosexual attraction
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asexual | low heterosexual or homosexual attraction
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religion | institutionalized system or symbols beliefs, and values, and practices to interpret the sacred and ultimate meaning
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erotic | arousing sexual love or desire
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functionalism paradigm | society is a system of interdependent sub-systems; change is evolutionary in developmental ways; developed by Emile Durkheim
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bisexual | high heterosexual and high homosexual attraction
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heterosexual | high heterosexual but low homosexual attraction
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manifest function | intended function or outcome
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function | consequence of any social pattern, outcome of the structure
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symbolic interactionism paradigm | split into macro and micro; developed by Max Weber and Erving Goffman; society is produced by everyday interactions; symbols are negotiated, meanings assigned to set of symbols, change occurs within those societies when the interactions change
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available options | no public education means no schools; use resources around
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belief | part of culture; learn from family, friends ex:religion
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law | norm that has been codified by government ex:can't kill people
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norm | everyday societal things; socially accepted mode of behavior ex: standing in elevator facing forward
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sociology | the systematic study of human society
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conflict paradigm | developed by Karl Marx, social system maintained to benefit those in power, change is a product of conflict among groups
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nuclear family | type of family where married couple and their unmarried children live together
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cohabitation | the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple
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structural-functional approach | framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
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social-conflict approach | framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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religiosity | the importance of religion in a person's life
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Confucianism | morals more important than self interest
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Judaism | believe they are God's chosen people, follow Old Testament and 10 Commandments
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Buddhism | nirvana, study teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
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Islam | God came to the world through the prophet Muhammad, who then put it in the Qur'an
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Hinduism | Universe is made of moral force, believes in dharma and karma
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Christianity | Jesus is the son of God
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egalitarian | believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal opportunities
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family | social institutions in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including children
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family diversities | race, class, gender
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family functions | reproduce/make babies, raise children
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marginality | feeling like an outsider
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15, mom died when young, rebellious in teens, catholic household, sister brought her into faith, regrets losing virginity | Valerie
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17, parents are 2 diff. faiths(roman catholic/ortho), goes to ortho church, strong morals, virgin, but participates in oral sex with gf | Ben
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15, cheerleader, family doesn't attend church, Methodist household, goes to Baptist church with friends, values tolerance, references bible, sex with bf but its okay | Kristin
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16, African American, extremely religious claims, doesn't like Baptists, judges other religions, sex w/ friend, screw up; ask God for forgiveness | Jarrod
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17, arrested for marijuana, high religiosity, goes to Roman Catholic church, wishes he could escape religion, upset about not having sex recently | Justin
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17, close-knit family, not raised religiously, brought parents into faith, Evangelical Protestant, virgin, bf of 2 years | Carla
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subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a societies population
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counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
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