Anatomy Thorax 1/1
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the floor or thoracic outlet is made of what? | diaphragm
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the superior opening of the thorax is called? | thoracic inlet
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the thoracic inlet boundaries are what? | manubrium, 1st thoracic vertebra, and 1st ribs
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the thoracic cavity contains the primary organs of what 2 systems? | respiratory and cardiovascular
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what 2 muscles are not included in the thoracic wall? | pec major and minor
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what are the functions of the thoracic dome? | protection, resist negative pressure, provide attachment for and support the weight of the upper limb
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how many pairs of ribs and vertebrae make up the thoracic wall? | 12 of each
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pectus excavatum is characterized by what? | concave depression of the anterior chest wall
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what can cause pectus excavatum? | pressure on the chest during development, abnormal diaphragm position, abnormal connective tissue production
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what is the presentation of pectus carinatum? | protrusion of the sternum and costal cartilages
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what can cause pectus carinatum? | abnormal cartilage or sternal growth, connective tissue disorders
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what are associated diseases of pectus carinatum? | scoliosis and congenital heart disease
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multiple double rib fractures can result in what? | flail chest: unstable chest wall
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thoracic outlet syndrome will most effect what 2 nerves? | median and ulnar
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thoracic outlet syndrome may put pressure on what 2 vascular structures? | subclavian artery and vien
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ribs can be classified in what 3 catagories? | true, false, and floating
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what are the true ribs? | 1-7
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what are the false ribs? | 8, 9, 10
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what are the floating ribs? | 11 and 12
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which ribs are atypical? | 1,2, 10-12
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what is the least likely rib to be fractured? | 1st
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displacement of costal cartilage from the sternum is called ? | dislocation of the rib
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displacement of the rib from costal cartilage is called? | separation of ribs
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surgical creation of an opening through the thoracic wall is called? | thoracotomy
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resection of the ribs or their replacement with an inward convexity device intended to decrease thoracic volume is called ? | thoracoplasty
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what is a complication with thoracoplasty? | restriction in ventilation
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what are the 3 parts of the sternum? | manubrium, sternum, and xiphiod process
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the joint between the manubrium and sternum is commonly called what ? | angle of louis
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the angle of louis indicates what rib level? | 2
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the angle of louis is located at which vertebrae level? | T4
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the xiphiod process is located at which vertebrae level? | T10
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the xiphiod process indicates the superior limit of what organ? and inferior border of what organ? | liver; heart
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a fracture of the sternum is what type? | comminuted-broken into many pieces
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what is performed to gain access to the thoracic cavity for coronary artery grafting or to remove a superior lung tumor? | median sternotomy
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disease that effects the mobility of the chest wall; chronic inflammatory disease effecting joints of the axial skeleton | ankylosing spondylitis
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the vertical dimension increase due to what? | contraction of the diaphragm
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the AP and X-diminsions increase due to what? | rise of anterior and lateral part of the ribs
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what causes the ribs to move during normal respiration? | external intercostal muscles
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each half of the diaphragm is innervated by what nerve? | phrenic- one for each side
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during normal respiration the hemi-diaphragms move which way? | inferiorly and flattens
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if there is damage to the phrenic nerve which way will the diaphragm move when breathing in? | superiorly
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where does lymph above the clavicle drain into? | the inferior jugular lymph nodes
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where does parietal lymph below the clavicle drain into? | the axillary lymph nodes
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the jugular notch is located at what vertebrae level? | T2
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the manubrium is located at what vertebrae level? | T3 & T4
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what is used for locating the proper hand position for CPR? | infrasternal angle
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what direction do the external intercostal muscles run? | inferomedialy
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what muscles elevate the ribs during normal inspiration? | external intercostal muscles
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what accessory muscles are used during forced inspiration? | sternoclatomastoid and scalene muscles
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the internal intercostal muscles run in what direction? | inferoposteriorly
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what do the nerves and veins in the thoracic wall run between? | internal and innermost intercostal muscles
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if making an incision into the pleural cavity what would you find deep to the innermost intercostal muscles? | endothoracic fascia
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what lies deep to the endothoracic fascia and lines the inside of the thoracic cavity? | parietal pleura
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what order do the artery vein and nerve lie in? | VAN: vein, artery, nerve
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where should injections in the thoracic cavity be given? | in the middle to avoid the nerves
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posterior intercostal arteries supply which intercostal spaces? | 3-11
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the subcostal artery supplies what area of the thoracic cavity | area below the 12th rib
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the superior intercostal artery supplies which intercostal spaces | 1 and 2
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what branches off the aorta supply the thoracic wall? | posterior intercostals and subcostal artery
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the anterior intercostal veins drain into what? | internal thoracic veins
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the posterior intercostal veins drain into what? | azygos veins
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the right azygos vein drains into what? | superior vena cava
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the left hemiazygos and left accessory hemiazygos vein drain into what? | right azygos vein
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the anterior rami of T1-T11 form what nerves? | intercostal nerves
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where are the typical intercostal nerves? | 3rd to 6th intercostal nerves
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near the angle of the rib the nerves move from within the endothoraic fascia into ? | between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles
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where do the collateral branches in the thoracic wall originate? | the sharpest angel of the rib
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where are the atypical intercostal nerves? | 1st, 2nd, 7th-11th
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what branches does the 1st intercostal nerve lack? | anterior and lateral branches
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what intercostal nerve gives rise to the intercostalbrachial nerve? | 2nd
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the 7th through 11th intercostal nerves are atypical why? | they supply the abdomen as well as the thorax
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what is a herpes zoster infection of the spinal ganglia also called? | shingles
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