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Chap 17 Study Guide and True False

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Question
Answer
What are the 4 layers within the walls of the ailimentary canal?   1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscular and 4. Serosa  
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What is in a root canal of a tooth?   blood vessels and nerves  
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The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest what?   splits starch and glycogen molecules into disaccharides  
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What is the main part of the stomach called?   the body  
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Parietel cells of gastric glands secrete what?   hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor  
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Gastrin is secreted by the stomach, what is it's function?   it is a peptide hormone that increases the secretory activity of gastric glands  
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Function of the hormone called secretin?   A PEPTIDE HORMONE, STIMULATES THE PANCREAS TO SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE—HIGH IN CARBOHYDRATES  
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What is the protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice?   TRYPSIN, CHYMOTRYPSIN, CARBOXYPEPTIDASE  
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Constituent of bile has a digestive function?   BILE SALTS  
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Where does Peristalsis occur in the digestive tract?   FROM PHARYNX TO ANUS  
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Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?   LIPIDS  
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What is the compostion of the greater omentum?   A FILMY, DOUBLE-FOLD PERITONEAL MEMBRANE  
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What are the effects of sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal and parasympathetic impulses?   SYMPATHETIC-INCREASES…PARASYMPATHETIC-RELAXES  
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The bile canals of the liver unite to form what?   THE HEPATIC DUCT (IT LATER JOINS CYSTIC DUCT FROM GALL BLADDER TO FORM COMMON BILE DUCT)  
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What is a function of the large intestine?   ABSORPTION OF ELECTROLYTES AND WATER  
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Mixing in the small intestine is accomplished by what type of movement?   Segmentation  
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Which teeth are best adapted for biting off relatively large pieces of food?   the INCISORS  
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One of the major functions of the large intestine?   TO REABSORB WATER FROM CHYME  
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Gastric and duodenal ulcers are usually caused by the action of what?   PEPSIN  
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Jaundice, which is characterized by a yellowish tinge to the tissues, is due to an increased blood concentration of what?   BILE PIGMENTS  
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What are the liver functions?   stores and produces glycogen from glucose, breaks down glycogen into glucose, converts non-carbs to glucose, converts carbs and proteins into fats, produces and secretes bile, synthesizes lipids, proteins and cholesterol and removes toxins from blood  
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How do bile salts act like detergents?   by reducing surface tension and breaking down fat globules into droplets—process called EMULSIFICATION  
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What and where are Peyer’s patches?   LYMPH NODES IN THE ILEUM OF THE SMALL INTESTINE  
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TRUE OR FALSE Organs of the ailimentary canal are innervated by sympathetic as well as by parasympathetic nerve fibers?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is called the vestibule?   FALSE...it's the ORAL CAVITY  
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TRUE OR FALSE we normally have 20 primary teeth and 32 secondary teeth?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between the stomach and esopagus?   FALSE...between the STOMACH and the DUODENUM  
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TRUE OR FALSE Fatty foods tend to remain in the stomach longer than protein or carbs?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE Fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms tend to be transported away from the intestine by lymph?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The gallbladder is connected to the common bile duct by the hepatic duct?   FALSE...the LIVER is connected by the hepatic duct...and...the GALLBLADDER is connected by the CYSTIC DUCT  
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TRUE OR FALSE The cecum is located at the inferior end of the descending colon?   FALSE...it's the ASCENDING COLON  
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TRUE OR FALSE Pancreatic acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The esophagus provides a passageway for the substances from the larnyx to the bronchi?   FALSE...it's from the PHARYNX to the STOMACH  
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TRUE OR FALSE Peristalsis is defined as a mixing movement that results in food in small segments of the ailimentary canal being mixed with digestive enzymes?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The parotid gland differs from the submandibular and sublingual glands in that it secretes a clear fluid that is rich in amylase?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The stomach is C-shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen?   FALSE...it is J-SHAPED and extends from the ESOPHAGUS to the SMALL INTESTINE  
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TRUE OR FALSE Bile is composed of HCL, pepsin, mucus and intrinsic factor?   FALSE...it is composed of WATER, BILE SALTS, BILE PIGMENTS, CHOLESTEROL and ELECTROLYTES  
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TRUE OR FALSE Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa by the presence of fats, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE Food passing through the stomach through the small intestine would first pass into duodenum, then the jejunum and lastly the ileum?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses?   TRUE  
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TRUE OR FALSE The enterogastric reflex begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine?   FALSE...it begins in the SMALL INTESTINE and ends in the STOMACH (flip-flop)  
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What are the 6 functions of the Digestive System?   1. Ingestion 2. mechanical digestion 3. chemical digestion 4. propulsion 5. absorption and 6. defecation  
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Name the 3 parts of the pharynx?   1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx  
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Name the 3 salivary glands?   1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual  
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Name the sphincters on top of stomach and bottom?   TOP: lower esophageal sphincter and BOTTOM: pyloric sphincter  
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What's the difference between pepsin and pepsinogen?   PEPSINOGEN in the in-active form of pepsin and PEPSIN is the active form from pepsinogen in the presence of HCl  
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Explain the 3 phases of gastric secretion--CEPHALIC, GASTRIC and INTESTINAL?   CEPHALIC is triggered by smell or thought of food, GASTRIC is triggered by food in stomach and INTESTINAL is triggered by movement into small intestine  
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Name the 4 colons of the large intestine?   1. ascending colon 2. transverse colon 3. descending colon and 4. sigmoid colon  
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What are the life-span changes in digestion?   teeth become sensitive and gums recede, teeth loosen or fall out, heartburn and constipation more frequent and nutrient absorption decreases  
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