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Periodicity Vocabulary Practice for Bromfield Honors Chemistry

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Question
Answer
Alkali metals   The elements in group 1  
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Anion   A negatively charged ion  
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Cation   A positively charged ion  
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Group   Elements located in the same vertical column in the periodic table; assigned numbers from 1 to 18  
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Lanthanides   The set of elements from lanthanum through ytterbium  
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Actinides   The set of elements from actinium through nobelium  
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Metal   Elements that are hard, shiny, and good conductors  
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Metalloid   Elements with both metallic and nonmetallic properties  
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Nonmetal   When forming compounds, frequently gains electrons and can share its outer electrons with other atoms  
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Octet Rule   An atom with eight electrons in its outermost level is unreactive.  
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Period   The horizontal rows in the periodic table  
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Periodic Law   The properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers  
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Transition Element   The elements in groups 3 through 12  
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Triad   Term coined by Dobereiner to describe groups of three related elements  
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Alkali earth metals   The elements in group 2  
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Halogens   The elements in group 17  
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Noble gases   The elements in group 18  
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Atomic radius   The size of an atom  
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Valence electrons   The electrons in the outermost s and p orbitals  
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Electron affinity   The attraction of an isolated atom for an additional electron  
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First ionization energy   The energy required to remove the most loosely held electron in an atom  
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Ionic radius   The size of an ion  
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Ionization energy   The energy required to remove an electron from an atom  
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Shielding effect   Outer electrons do not feel the total nuclear charge because it is partially “screened” by the inner electrons  
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Electronegativity   The tendency of an atom in a compound to attract electrons to itself  
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Main block elements   Elements in groups 1, 2, 13-18 (s and p blocks)  
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