Mod 1-9 (mixed) All terms & definitions_11
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circumcision | surgical removal of foreskin (prepuce) surrounding the end of the penis
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Cowper gland | bulbourethral gland
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cryogenic surgery | use of extremely cold temperatures to freeze or destroy tissue
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cryptorchism | one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen in the scrotal sac near the time of birth
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ejaculation | ejection of sperm & fluid from the male urethra as a result of sexual stimulation
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ejaculatory duct | tube through which semen enters the male urethra
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embryonal carcinoma | malignant tumor of the testes
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epididymis | one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes lying on top of each testis; carries sperm cells to the vas deferens
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epididymitis | inflammation of an epididymis
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erectile dysfunction | inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence
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eunuch | male who is castrated before reaching puberty
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flagellum | hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile
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fraternal twins | 2 infants born from a pregnancy resulting from fertilization of 2 separate ova
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glans penis | sensitive tip, surrounded by foreskin, of the penis
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gonorrhea | STI involving inflammation of genital tract mucous membranes & caused by gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)
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herpes genitalis | STI of the skin & mucosa of the genitals caused by the herpes simplex virus & marked by blisters
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hydrocele | hernia (sac of clear, watery fluid) within scrotum
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hypospadias | congenital anomaly in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis
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identical twins | 2 infants resulting from division of 1 fertilized egg into 2 separate embryos
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impotence | inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; erectile dysfunction
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interstitial cells | in testes, these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules & produce testosterone
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ligation | tying off a tube or blood vessel; threads or wire is used
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oilgospermia | scanty sperm count
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orchiectomy | removal or excision of a testis
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orchiopexy | surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
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orchitis | inflammation of a testis
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parenchyma | functional, essential tissue of an organ; seminiferous tubules are parenchyma of testis
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perineum | in a male, external area between the anus & scrotum
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phimosis | narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the gland penis
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prepuce | fold of skin covering the glans penis, foreskin
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prostate gland | exocrine gland at the base of the urinary bladder in men; it secrete fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
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prostatectomy | removal or excision of prostate gland
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prostatic | increased growth of prostate gland in numbers of cells; this is a hyperplasia benign condition (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH)
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prostatitis | inflammation of prostate gland
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purulent | pus-filled; forming or containing pus
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scrotum | sac that contains testes & associated organs
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semen | fluid discharged at ejaculation; consisting of sperm cells & secretions from the prostate gland, seminal vesicles & bulbourethral glands
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seminal vesicle | one of a pair of sac-like male exocrine gland lying behind the urinary (remove vesicle) bladder & opening into the vas deferens; secretes fluid that is the major part of semen
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seminiferous tubules | narrow, coiled tubules that produce spermatozoa in the testes
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seminoma | malignant tumor within a testis
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spermatogenesis | formation of sperm cells
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spermatozoa | sperm cells
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spermatozoon | single sperm cell
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spermolytic | pertaining to destruction of sperm cells
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sterilization | procedure that removes an individual's ability to produce or release reproductive cells
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stroma | supportive, connective tissue of an organ
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syphilis | STI caused by bacteria (spirochetes); an ulcer (chancre) on genitalia is a characteristic lesion
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teratoma | malignant tumor of a testis or ovary; composed of embryonic cells that develop into different types of tissue
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testicular | pertaining to a testis or testicle
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testicular torsion | twisting of spermatic cord & blood vessels of testes
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testis | male gonad that produces spermatozoa & hormone, testosterone
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testosterone | male hormone secreted by the interstitial cells of testes
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varicocele | enlarged, dilated veins near a testicle
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vas deferens | narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body, around the urinary bladder toward the urethra
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vasectomy | removing a piece of each vas deferens & tying off each end
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vasovasostomy | new opening (anastomosis) of the ends of a severed vas deferens; surgical procedure that reverses a vasectomy
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mucopurulent | emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus
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spirochete | spiral-shaped bacterium causing syphilis
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prostatic specific antigen | PSA - protein produced by the prostate & elevated in patients with cancer
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PSA assay | an elevation in PSA could indicate conditions such as prostatitis, prostatic cancer or BPH
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BPH | enlarged prostate, a decrease in the urinary stream, urgency, blood in the urine, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and infection as a result of urinary retention.
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prostatron | Also called TUMT or Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy. A catheter is placed within the bladder and positioned within the prostate, then the antenna emits microwaves. This procedure increases the passageway allowing for easier urination.
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prostatic acid phosphatase | PAP - is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer; highest levels of acid phosphatase are found in metastasized prostate cancer
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TNM staging system | based on the extent of the tumor (T), the extent of spread to the lymph nodes (N), and the presence of metastasis (M). A number is added to each letter to indicate the size or extent of the tumor and the extent of spread.
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Gleason Score | A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic appearance.[1] Cancers with a higher Gleason score are more aggressive and have a worse prognosis.
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retropubic approach to prostatectomy | 6" incision below umbilicus allows prostate gland removal, along with pelvic lymph node dissection
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perineal approach to prostatectomy | prostate removed through incision between anus or scrotum; minimizes visible scarring but may need separate incision for lymph node removal
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laparoscopic approach to prostatectomy | several tiny 1" incisions with a larger one for actual removal of prostate from body; long-term benefits still being evaluated
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adjuvant hormone therapy | inhibit the action or block the production of testosterone and other male hormones
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