Veterinary Medical Terminology
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Aliment/o | meaning nourishment (combining term for digestive tract)
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Oral cavity | contains the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium
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Alimentary, Gastrointestinal, GI System | Digestive system comprised of long muscular tubes that start at the mouth and end at the anus.
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Or/o, Stomat/o | meaning "mouth"
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Gnath/o | meaning "jaw"
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Prognathia | elongated mandible
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Brachygnathia | shortened mandible
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Labia, Labium (singular) | medical term for "lips"
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Cheil/o, Labi/o | meaning "lips"
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Buccal | pertaining to, or directed towards the cheek of the mouth
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Bucc/o | meaning "cheek"
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Palate | roof of the mouth
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Hard Palate | forms the bony rostral portion of the palate with special mucus membranes
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Rugae | specialized mucus membranes that contain irregular folds
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Rug/o | meaning "wrinkle or fold"
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Soft Palate | forms the flexible caudal portion of the palate
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Palat/o | meaning "Palate"
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Tongue | the movable muscle in the mouth that is used for tasting, and processing food.
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Papillae | elevations on the dorsum of the tongue
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Frenulum | the connective tissue that connects the tongue to the ventral surface of the mouth
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Gloss/o, Lingu/o | meaning "tongue"
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Dent/o, Dent/i, Odont/o | meaning "teeth"
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Dentition | refers to the teeth as a whole
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Deciduous Dentition (milk teeth) | temporary set of teeth that erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity
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Decidu/o | meaning "shedding"
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Permanent Dentition | the set of teeth designed to last the lifespan of the animal
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Mixed Dentition | the period when both Deciduious and Permanent Teeth are present in the same mouth
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Retained Deciduous Tooth | a tooth that has not been shed, and may need to be removed professionally
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Incisor | front tooth used for cutting
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Canine (needle teeth) | long, bonelike tooth located between the incisors and Premolars. (also called fang and cuspid)
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Premolar (cheek teeth) | cheek tooth found between canine and molar teeth
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Molar (cheek teeth) | most caudally located permanent tooth
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Dental Formula | representation of the type of tooth and the number of each
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Selenodont | animals that have crescents on their grinding surfaces (ruminants)
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Lophodont | animals with teeth that have ridged occlusal surfaces (equine)
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Bunodont | animals with teeth that have worn, rounded surfaces (swine)
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Hypsodont | animals with continuosly erupting teeth (chek teeth of ruminants)
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Pleurodont | animals with teeth attached by one side on the inner jaw (lizards)
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Brachydont | animals with permanently rooted teeth
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Enamel | hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth
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Cementum | the bone like connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth
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Dentin | the connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp
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Pulp | consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue
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Apical Foramen | the hole at the tip of the root where nerve and blood vessels enter the tooth
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Periodontia | structures that support the teeth
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Alveoli | sockets or sac-like dilations that the teeth are situated in.
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Alveolar Bone | a thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket
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Periodontal Ligament | fibrous structure that holds the tooth in the alveolus
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Gingiva | mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining
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Gingiv/o | meaning "gums"
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Gingival Sulcus | the space that surrounds the tooth, located between the tooth and the gingival margin
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Salivary Glands | a group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes
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Saliva | moistens food, begins digestive process by aiding in bolus formation and some digestive enzyme activity, also cleans the mouth
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Manibular Salivary Gland | found near the mandible
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Sublingual Salivary Gland | found under the tongue
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Zygomatic Salivary Gland | found medial to the zygomatic arch
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Parotid Salivary Gland | found near the ear
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Sialaden/o, Sial/o | meaning "salivary gland"
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Endodontics | branch of dentistry that involves treatment of diseases that affect tooth pulp
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Exodontics | branch of dentistry that involves extraction of teeth and related processes
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Oral Surgery | branch of surgery that involved correction of the jaw, gums, and inside of the mouth
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Orthodontics | branch of dentistry that involves the guidance and correction of Malocclusion
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Periodontics | the branch of dentistry that studies and treats diseases of tooth supporting structures
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Pharynx (Throat) | the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
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Pharyng/o | meaning "pharynx"
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Mastication | chewing
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Ingesta | the material that is taken in orally
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Hypersalivation (Ptyalism/Hypersialosis) | excessive production of saliva
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sial/o, ptyal/o | meaning "sailva"
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Deglutition | swallowing
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Phag/o | meaning "eating or ingesting"
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Esophagus | a collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach, located dorsal to the trachea
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Esophag/o | meaning "esophagus"
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Sphincter | a ring like muscle that constricts an opening
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Abdomen | cavity located between the diaphragm and pelvis
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Abdomin/o, Celi/o, Lapar/ois | meaning "abdomen or flank"
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Peritoneum | the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some organs in that area
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Parietal Peritoneum | the layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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Visceral Peritoneum | covers the abdominal organs
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Lesser Omentum | a fold of peritoneum that the stomach is connected to
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Greater Omentum | a fold of peritoneum on the dorsal abdominal wall that connects to the stomach
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Gastr/o | meaning "stomach"
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Monogastric | animals with one true glandular stomach
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Ruminant | has 3 forestomachs that are actually out pouchings of the esophagus
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Glandular Stomach | the one that produces secretions for digestion
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Cardia | entrance area of stomach, located nearest to the esophagus
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Fundus | base of an organ, which is the cranial, rounded part
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Body (Corpus) | the main portion of an organ, which is the ounded base or bottom
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Antrum | caudal part of the stomach which is the constricted part that joins with the pylorus
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Pylorus | narrow passage between the stomach and duodenum
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Pylor/o | meaning "gatekeeper"
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Pyloric Sphincter | muscle ring that constricts the flow of matieral
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Regurgitate | passive action of ingesta moving from the stomach or esophagus back to the mouth
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Remasticate | to chew again
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Intestinal Flora | normal microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract
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Rumen (Paunch) | largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as fermentation vat
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Reticulum (Honeycomb) | most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach
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Omasum | third compartment of ruminant stomach, has short papillae that grind food
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Abmasum | fourth compartment of ruminant stomach, also called true stomach
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Mesentery | a fold of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal wall and the small intestine
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Gastroenterology | the study of the stomach and small intestine
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Enter/o | meaning "small intestine"
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Duodenum | proximal or 1st portion of small intestine
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Duoden/i, Duoden/o | meaning "duodenum"
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Jejunum | middle portion of the small intestine
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Jejun/o | meaning "jejunum"
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Ileum | distal, most aboral, or last portion of the small intestine
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Ile/o | meaning "ileum"
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Cecum | 1st section of the large intestine
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Cec/o | meaning "cecum"
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Colon | middle portion of the large intestine, has ascending, transverse, and descending portions
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Col/o | meaning "colon"
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Haustra | the cecum and colon of pigs and horses are sacculated
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Rectum | Caudal portion of the large intestine
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Rect/o | meaning "rectum"
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Anus | controlled by to sphincter muscles that tighten and relax to allow or control defecation
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An/o | meaning "anus"
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Anorectal | pertaining to the anus and rectum
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Proct/o | meaning "anus and rectum"
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Anal Sacs | sacs lined with microscopic anal glands that secrete foul smelling fluid
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Flexures | bends of curves in the large intestine
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Pelvic Flexures | a bend in the colon near the pelvis
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Diaphragmatic Flexure | a bend in the colon near the diaphragm
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Liver | located caudal to the diaphragm
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Hepat/o | meaning "liver"
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Glucose | material that the liver filters out
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Hypoglycemia | a condition when the blood sugar is low
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Hepatocytes | liver cells
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Sinusoids | meaning "channels"
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Bile | Liver produces this to aid in digestion
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Biliary | meaning "bile"
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Emulsification | fat digestion
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Bilirubin | a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released in teh liver
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Cyst/o | meaning "sac, cyst, urinary bladder"
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Gallbladder | sac that is embedded in the liver that stores bile
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Chol/e | meaning "bile, or gall"
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Doch/o | meaning "receptical"
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Cholecystic | meaning "gallbaldder"
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Choledochus | meaning "common bile duct"
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Pancreas | elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum
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Pancreat/o | meaning "pancreas"
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Trypsin | an enzyme that digests protein
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Lipase | and enzyme that digests fat
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Amylase | and enzyme that digests carbohydrates
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Digestion | process of breaking down food into nutrients that the body can use
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Enzymes | substances that chemically change another substance
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Metabolism | the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients
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Meta-, | meaning "beyond"
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Anabolism | the building of body cells and substances
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Catabolism | the breaking down of body cells
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Absorption | the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system
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Nutient | a substance needed by our bodies to sustain life
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Villi, Villus | hairlike projections in the small intestine that
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Vill/i | meaning "tuft of hair"
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Prehension | the act of collecting food in your mouth
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Mastication | chewing, or breaking the food down with saliva
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Deglutition | moves the ingests into the pharynx and esophagus
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Peristalsis | the series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscle
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-stalsis | meaning "contraction"
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Chyme | semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach
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Ballottement | diagnostic technique of hitting or tapping the wall of a fluid filled structure to bounce a solid structure against a wall
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Barium | contract material used for radiographic studies
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Enema | introduction of fluid into the rectum
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Biopsy | removal of tissue to examine
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Blood test | determination of blood perameters used to detect some diseases
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Colonoscopy | endoscope procedure of the inner surface of the colon
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Esophagoscopy | examination of the esophagus with an endoscope
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Fecal examinations | used to determine whether or not an animal has parasites
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Gastroscopy | endoscope exam of the inner surface of the stomach
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Hemoccult | text for hidden blood in the stool
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-occult | meaning "hidden"
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Radiography | general imaging of internal stuctures
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Ultrasound | imaging of internal body structures by recording sound waves
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Achalasia | inability to relax smooth muscle of the GI tract
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Adontia | absence of teeth
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Aerophagia | swallowing of air
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Anal Sacculitis | inflammation of the anal sacs
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Inspissation | process of rendering dry or thick by evaporation and is used to describe the anal sac fluid in animals with Anal Sacculitis
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Anorexia | lack or loss of appetite
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Ascariasis | parasitic infestation with roundworms of the genus Ascaris
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Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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Atresia | occlusion or absence of normal body opening or tubular organ
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Bloat | accumulation of gas in the digestive tract
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Ruminal Tympany | accumulation of gas in the rumen in ruminants
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Borborygmus | gas movement in the GI tract that produces a rumbling noise
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Bruxism | involuntary grinding of the teeth
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Cachexia | general ill health and malnutrition, used when describing cancer patients
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Cirrhosis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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Cirrh/o | meaning "tawny, yellow orange"
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Colic | severe abdominal pain (common in horses)
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Colitis | inflammation of the colon
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Constipation | condition of prolonged GI transit time, making the stool hard, dry, and difficult to pass
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Coprophagia | ingestion of fecal matter
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Copr/o | meaning "feces"
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Coprophagic Therapy | feeding a suspension of fecal pellets from a healthy animal to an ill animal. used in some animal species like guinea pigs and rabbits to treat GI disease
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Cribbing | vice of equine in which an object is grasped between the teeth, pressure is applied, and air is inhaled
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Dehydration | condition of excessive loss of body water or fluid
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Dental Calculus (Tartar) | abnormal mineralized deposit that forms on teeth
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Dental Caries | decay and decalcification of teeth, producing a hole
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Diarrhea | abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal matter
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Displaced Abomasum | disease of ruminants in which the fourth stomach compartment becomes trapped under the rumen
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Diverticulitis | inflammation of a pouch of pouches occurring in the wall of a tubular organ
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Dyschezia | difficulty defecating
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Dysentery | number of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
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Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing or eating
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Emaciation | marked wasting or excessive leanness
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Emesis (vomit) | forcible expulsion of stomach contents through mouth
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Per Os (PO | to give something orally
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Non Per Os (NPO) | to give nothing orally
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Enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine
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Enterocolitis | inflammation fo teh small and large intestine
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Epulis | benign tumor arising from periodontal mucous membranes
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Eructation | belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
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Esophageal Reflux | return of stomach contents into esophagus (also called GERD)
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Eviscerate | remove or expose internal organs
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Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency | metabolic disease in which the pancreas does not secrete adequate amounts of digestive enzymes
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Fecalith / Coprolith | stone like fecal mass
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Flatulence | excessive gas formation in the GI Tract
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Gastric Dilatation | condition usually seen in deep chested canines in which the stomach fills with air and expands
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Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) | condition usually seen in deep chested canines in which the stomach fills with air, expands, then twists on itself
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Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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Gingival Hyperplasia | overgrowth of the gingiva characterized by firm, nonpainful swellings
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Gingivitis | inflammation of the gums
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Glossitis | inflammation of the tongue
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Hematemesis | vomiting blood
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Hematochezia | passage of a bloody stool
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Hemoperitoneum | blood in the peritoneum
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Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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Hepatoma | Tumor of the liver
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Hepatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the liver
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Hiatal Hernia | protrusion of a part of the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
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Hydrops | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of body cavity
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Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar levels
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Hypoglycemia | Lowered blood sugar levels
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Ileitis | inflammation fo the ileum
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Ileus | stoppage of intestinal peristalsis
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Impaction | obstruction of an area
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Inappetence | lack of desire to eat
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Incontinence | inability to control, (fecal incontinence = unable to control bowel movements)
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease | a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders that are characterized microscopically by the inflammation fo inflammatory cells into the lining on the digestive tract
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Inguinal Hernia | protrusion of bowel through the inguinal canal (seen in groin area)
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Intussusception | telescoping of one part of the intestine into another adjacent part
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Jaundice (Icterus) | yellow dis colorization of the skin and mucous membranes
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Lethargy | condition of drowsiness or indifference
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Malabsorption | impaired uptake of nutrients from intestine
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Malnutrition | lack of proper food or nutrients
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Total Parenteral Nutrition | a liquid with all the nutrients an animal needs
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Malocclusion | abnormal contact between the teeth
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Megacolon | abnormally large colon
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Megaesophagus | abnormally large esophagus
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Melena | black, tarry stool containing digested blood
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Nausea | stomach upset or sensation or urge to vomit
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Obstruction | complete stopage or impairment to passage
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Oronasal Fistula | abnormal opening between the nasal and oral cavity
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Palatoschisis | congenital fissure of the roof of the mouth that may involve the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate
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Perforating ulcer | erosion though the entire thickness of a surface
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Periapical Abscess | inflammation of tissue and collection of pus surrounding the apical portion of a tooth root due to pulpal disease
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Peridontitis | inflammation of the tissue surrouding and supporting the teeth
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Pica | eating and licking abnormal substances or a depraved appetite
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Plaque | small, differentiated area on a body surface
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Polydipsia (PD) | excessive thirst or drinking
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Polyp | small growth on a mucous membrane
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Polyphagia | excessive eating or swallowing
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Prolapse | protrusion of viscera (rectal prolapse=protrusion of the rectum through the anus)
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Quidding | condition in which food is taken into the mouth and chewed, but falls out
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Regurgitation | return of swallowed food into the oral cavity, a passive event
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Salivary Mucocele | collection of saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland
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Scours | diarrhea in livestock
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Shunt | to bypass or divert
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Stenosis | narrowing of an opening
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Stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth
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Tenesmus | painful, ineffective defecation
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Torsion | axial twist, tist around the long axis of gut
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Trichobezoar | hairball
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Ulcer | erosion of tissue
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Volvulus | twisting in on itself
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Abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove fluid
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Abomasopexy | surgical fixation of the abomasum to the abdomen wall
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Anastomosis | surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures
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Anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus
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Antidiarrheal | substance that prevents diarrhea
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Bolus | rounded mass of food or large pharmaceutical preparation or to give something rapidly
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Cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder
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Colectomy | removal of the colon
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Colostomy | adding a surgical hole between the colon and outsdie the body
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Colotomy | surgical incision into the colon
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Crown | restoration of teeth
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Drench | to give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing animal to drink
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Emetic | producing vomit
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Enterostomy | surgical artificial opening between the small intesting and outside wall
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Esophagoplasy | surgical repair of the esophagus
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Extraction | removal
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Fistula | abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface
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Float | instrument used to file or rasp on an equine's premolar teeth
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Gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach, or just some of it
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Gastroduodenostomy | removal of all out part of the stomach and duodenum
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|
||||
Gastropexy | surgical fixation of teh stomach to the abdominal wall
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|
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Gastostomy | surgical production of an artificial opening
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|
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Gastrotomy | surgical incision into the stomach
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|
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Gavage | force feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach
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||||
Gingivectomy | surgical removal of gum tissue
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|
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Hepatotomy | surgical incision into the liver
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|
||||
Ileectomy | surgical removal of the ileum
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|
||||
Ileostomy | artificial opening between the ileum and abdominal wall
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|
||||
Lapraotomy | incision into the abdomen
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|
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Nasogastric Intubation | placement of a tube through the nose in to the stomach
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|
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Orogastric Intubation | Passage of a tube from the mouth to the stomach
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|
||||
Palatoplasty | surgical repair of a cleft plate
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|
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Transfaunation | transferring microbes from one animal to another
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|
||||
Trocarization | insertion of a pointed instrument into a body cavity or an organ
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|
||||
BE | Barium Enema
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|
||||
BM | bowel movement
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|
||||
C | canine (tooth)
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|
||||
DA | displaced abomasum
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|
||||
EPI | exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
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|
||||
GDV | gastric dilatation volvulus
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|
||||
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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|
||||
GI | gastrointestinal
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|
||||
I | incisor (tooth)
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|
||||
IBD | inflammatory bowel disease
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|
||||
LDA | left displaced abomasum
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|
||||
M | molar (tooth)
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|
||||
NG | nasogastric
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|
||||
NPO | nothing by mouth (no per os)
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|
||||
P | premolar (tooth)
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|
||||
PD | polydipsia
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|
||||
PO | orally (per os)
🗑
|
||||
RDA | right displaced abomasum
🗑
|
||||
TPN | total parenteral nutrition
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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