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Chapter 1: A Preview of Cell Biology USDFall2018 Dr. Koster

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What is the basic unit of biology?   The cell  
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What did Hooke do in 1665?   He coined "cells"  
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How did Hooke coin the term "cells"?   By looking at a cork and seeing the cell walls of dead plant tissue  
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Who was Antonie van Leuwenhoek?   He advanced the microscope and was the first to view living cells  
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What did van Leuwenhoek view?   the first living cells: Blook, sperm, bacteria, and 1 celled organisms  
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What were the two factors restricting advancement in microscopes?   Limited resolution(resolving power) and the restricted descriptive nature of 17th century biology  
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Define Resolving power.   The ability to see fine details  
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What happened in the 1830s?   Able to see structures 1 micrometer in size  
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Who was Robert Brown?   Found that plant cells have a "nucleus"  
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What are the 3 main points of cell theory?   1. All organisms consit of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unt of structure for all organisms 3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells  
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What was the first strand of cell biology?   cytology  
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Define Cytology.   Study of cells and their structures  
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When did cytology first come about?   3 centuries ago thanks to light microscopes  
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What is the nanometer (nm)?   Unit of choice for molecules and subcellular structures too small to be seen using a light microscope  
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In comparison to a meter, how big is a nm?   one-billionth of a meter (10^-9)  
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How many nanometers in a micrometer?   1 micrometer=1000nm  
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What is the diameter of a robosome?   25-30 nm  
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What is an Angstrom?   smaller than a nm  
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What is an Angstrom used to measure?   demensions within proteins and DNA molecules  
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What does 1 Angstrom equal?   0.1 nm; about the size of a hydrogen atom  
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What should you use to view eukaryotic cells?   light microscope  
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What should be used to view a nucleus?   light microscope  
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What should be used to view mitochondria and chloroplasts?   light microscope  
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What is the limit of resolution?   how far apart adjacent objects must be to appear as separate entitites  
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What is resolving power?   ability to see fine details  
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A small limit of resolution means a ________ resolving power.   large  
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What is brightfield microscopy?   white light being passed directly through a speciment that is either stained or unstained and the background is illuminated  
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What are the limitations of brightfield microscopy?   the specimens often msut be chemically fixed and are no longer alize  
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What is phase-contrast and differnetial interference contrast microscopy?   made viewing living cells possible  
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What is phase of light?   prcise positions of maxima nad minima as light traveles  
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