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Security Models

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Term
Definition
Bell-LaPadula Model   Enforces the confidentiality aspects of access control Simple security rule - "No read up" Star Property Rule - "No write down" Strong Star Rule - "No read up or write down" Tranquility rule- labels cannot be arbitrarily changed  
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Biba Model   Star integrity axiom - "No write up" Simple integrity axiom - "No read down" Invocation property - "Cannot request service at a higher integrity"  
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Clark-Wilson Model   Focuses on well formed transactions and separation of duties. Subject can only access objects through authorized programs. Separation of duties is enforced. Auditing is required  
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Noninterference Model   Ensures any action that takes place at a higher security level does not affect or interfere with actions that take place at a lower level  
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Covert Channels   A way for an entity to receive information in an unauthorized manner  
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Brewer and Nash Model (Chinese Wall)   Subject can write to an object if, and only if, the subject cannot read another object that is in a different dataset  
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Graham-Denning Model   Shows how subjects and objects should be created and deleted. Also addresses how to assign specific rights.  
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Harrison-Ruzzo-Ullman Model   Shows how a finite set of procedures can be available to edit the access rights of a subject.  
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Machine State Model   If a machine(system) boots in a secure state, and every transaction that occurs is secure, it must always be in a secure state and not fail open.  
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Information Flow Model   Information flowing across boundaries need to be controlled. prevents unauthorized, insecure information flow in any direction.  
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Lattice Model   Subjects are allowed to access an object only if the security level of the subject is equal to or greater than that of the object. Every subset has a least upper bound and a greatest lower bound.  
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