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Chapter 10 Blood

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Term
Definition
Plasma   55%  
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Hematocrit   Volume of blood sample should be 45%  
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Cells   45%  
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RBC   Erythrocytes  
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Red blood cells   Formed in bone marrow; carries oxygen  
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Hemoglobin   Molecules combine with CO2 to transport  
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Oxyhemoglobin   Bright red; plenty of oxygen  
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Deoxyhemoglobin   Bluish; not much oxygen  
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Anemia   Few red blood cells  
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WBC   Leukocytes  
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White Blood Cells   Fights diseases  
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Neutrophils   Eats bacteria; most common  
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Eosinophils   Attack parasites; allergic reactions  
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Basophils   Produces blood thinners and histomines  
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Monocytes   Makes macrophages  
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Lymphocytes   Immune system; second most common  
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Blood Plasma   Liquid portion; 92%  
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Albumins   Made in liver; maintains blood pressure  
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Alpha and beta   Made in liver; transports lipids  
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Gamma   Forms antibodies  
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Fibrinogen   Importance to blood clotting  
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Major blood clotting event   Change from fibrinogen into fibrin  
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Hemostasis   The process to stop bleeding  
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Type A receives   A or O  
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Type B receives   B or O  
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Type AB receives   A, B, AB, or O least common  
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Type O receives   O most common  
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Rh   Rhesus monkey  
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Type O   Universal Donar  
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Iron   Is a critical element needed to synthesize hemoglobin and normal RBC  
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Hematopoeisis   Blood cells live for 120 days then are eaten by the liver and spleen  
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Erythropoietin   Secreted by kidneys; stimulates the formation of RBC; requires B12 and Folic Acid  
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Blood Vessel Spasm   Damaged or broken vessels stimulates muscle tissue in the walls of the vessels to contract. This slows or stops blood flow, lasts for several min. Platelets release serotonin , a vasoconstrictor which maintains the muscle even longer  
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Platelet Plug   Platelets stick to surfaces of damaged blood vessels and form a plug  
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Blood Coagulation   most effective; forms a blood clot (hematoma). Injury causes an increase in the release of coagulation: conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin  
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Tissue Damage   production of prothrombin activator  
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Prothrombin   converted to thrombin  
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Thrombin   acts as a enzyme to cause change of fibrinogen to fibrin, which traps platelets and blood cells to form a hematoma  
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Thrombus   internal blood clot  
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Embolus   clots move  
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Embolism   resulting stroke  
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Platelets   cell fragments  
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PL   thrombocytes  
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Antigen A   Plasma: Anti-B antibodies  
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Antigen B   Plasma: Anti-A antibodies  
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Antigen A&B   Plasma: neither anti- A or anti-B antibodies  
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Neither antigen A nor B   Both anti-A and anti- B antibodies  
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Rh factor   caused by a dominant allele and is inherited  
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Erythroblastosis fetalis   mothers immune system attacks the fetus when the mother is Rh- because the body shows the baby as an infection  
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Systemic Circulation   delivers blood to all body cells  
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Pulmonary Circulation   eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates the blood  
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Deoxygenated blood   blue  
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Oxygenated blood   red  
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Pericardium   encloses the heart (like a bag)  
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Pericardial cavity   fluid for the heart to float, reducing friction  
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Epicardium   outer layer, reduces friction  
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Myocardium   Middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle  
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Endocardium   inner layer, blood vessels  
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Atria   top chamber  
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Ventricles   bottom chambers right- thin left- thick  
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Septum   seperating two chambers  
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Atrioventricular Valve   between upper chambers  
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tricuspid   prevents back flow of blood 3 flaps  
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bicuspid   has blood flow one way to the left atrium to the left ventricle  
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Superior Vena Cava/ Inferior Vena Cava   return blood from the head and body to the heart connects to left atrium  
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Chordae Tendinae/ papillary muscles   prevents bonds from bending  
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Pulmonary Trunk/ Arteries   splits into left and right, both leads to lungs and leaves left ventricle  
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Pulmonary Valve   valves open and close as blood flows through  
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Pulmonary Veins   blood returns to the heart with O2 blood 2 on each side  
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1st Step in blood path   Deoxygenated blood enters through right atrium through the vena cava  
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2nd step in blood path   blood enters right ventricle  
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3rd Step in blood path   Blood goes out the pulmonary arteries and heads to the lungs  
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4th step in blood path   blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium  
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5th step in blood path   blood moves into the left ventricle  
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6th step in blood path   oxygenated blood moves out of the left ventricle through the aorta and to the body  
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skeleton of the Heart   dense connective tissue holding the heart and valves in place  
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Systole   heart beating  
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Diastole   heart resting  
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Hypertension of blood pressure   140/90  
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normal blood pressure   120/80  
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ECG   heartbeat  
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Fast Heart Beat   Tachycardia  
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Slow Heart Beat   Bradycardia  
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Irregular Heart Beat   Arrhymthmia  
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P Wave   Atrial Contraction  
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QRS Wave   Ventricular Contraction  
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T Wave   Ventricular repolarization  
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SA Node   triggers ventricle squeeze  
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Created by: Alisha M. Bailey
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