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SCHC Blood Banking I

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Question
Answer
Blood type is an example of what kind of inheritance?   Codominant.  
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What is the diploid number for humans?   43  
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What are the phases of mitosis?   Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.  
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What is an amorph? Give an example.   An amorph is a silent gene, like the O blood type.  
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What number of chromosomes are carried by the gametes?   Haploid.  
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What does meiosis produce?   gametes  
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How many daughter cells arise from meiosis?   four  
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Define homozygous.   two identical alleles inherited.  
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Genotype is?   The actual sequence of DNA inherited.  
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Phenotype is?   The expression of the genotype.  
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What does cis mean when describing the loaction of the alelle? Trans?   Cis mean that the allele is on the same chromosome. Trans means it is on the opposite chromosome.  
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What is Landsteiner's rule?   You do not have the antibody to the antigen that you possess but you have antibodies to the antigen you lack.  
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What fluid does forward typing use? What is it testing for?   Forward typing uses the RBC and tests for antigens.  
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What portion of the blood is used for reverse typing?   Serum and detects the antibodies.  
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What do we mean when we say the phenotype of the blood?   The demonstrable antigens present on the RBC  
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What is the rarest blood type in the ABO system?   AB  
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WHat is the most common blood type?   O  
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What blood type has slightly higher frequency in blacks than in whites?   B  
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What blood type has a higher frequency in whites vs. blacks?   A  
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What does the A and B genes code for?   glycosyltransferases  
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WHere is the ABO precursor locus?   chromosome 9 (9q34)  
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What does the A gene encode for as far as the sugar and the enzyme?   galactosaminyl transferase (enz) and N-acetylgalactosamine  
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What does the B gene encode for as far as sugar and enzymes?   galactosyl transferase (enz) and D-galactose  
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What does the H and Se gene encode for?   fucosyl transferase and L-Fucose  
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Which chromosome has the H and Se gene?   Chromosome 19.  
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What substances can secretors secrete?   H, A, B, Leb, Lea  
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Rank from highest to lowest the blood types based on the amount of H secreted.   O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B>Bombay (Ohh)  
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What type of blood can you give to a bombay person?   Bombay blood only.  
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How can you test for H?   Use the Ulex europaeus (anti-H). If agglutinates then they are secreting H.  
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What type of antibodies are produced from ABO?   naturally occurring.  
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At what age do babies start producing anitbodies of their own?   Usually between 3 and 6 months  
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Which immunoglobulins is released by A or B individuals?   IgM  
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What immunoglobulin is produced by type O individuals?   IgG  
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A1 is very potent. What does this mean regarding the H substance?   That most of it is used up by the A1.  
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What blood type has an increased chance of causing HDN?   Type O  
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What is acquired A syndrome associated with?   Septicemic infections.  
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What does it mean when a child has AB cis genes?   That they inherited the A and B gene from one parent (one chromosome) and the O gene from the other parent. They have ABO blood type.  
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What can cause unexpected results with the red cell testing?   Rouleaux, antibody coated cells, mixed field agglutination, subgroups of A or B, acquired A or B (gram- bacterial infections)  
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When can serum give unexpected results?   high concentration of fibrinogen, proteins, or globulin, Weakened or absent antibodies (immune deficient), IV solutions, unexpected allo or autoantibodies.  
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What are possible tech errors that could occur?   incorrect id of specimen, incorrect reading of the results, contamination, overcentrifugation, failure to ID hemolysis as a positive reaction, dirty glassware, inappropriate cell to serum ratio  
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What portion of the antibody does the AHG attach?   Fc portion  
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What temperature is IgG reactive at?   37 C  
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What temperature is IgM reactive at?   22-24 C  
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During a primary immune response which immunoglobulin responds first?   IgM  
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During a secondary immune response which immunoglobulin has the highest peak?   IgG  
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Which immunoglobulin has the highest concentration in the serum?   IgG  
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Which immunoglobulin class is the most clinically significant?   IgG  
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What portion of the blood does IAT test?   The serum  
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What portion of the blood does DAT test?   RBC  
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Why is it important to reduce the Zeta potential in the IAT?   It enhances the ab uptake.  
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