level 1 definitions for acids and bases NZ
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Acid | A substance that is able to donate a hydrogen ion (proton). (Tastes sour; pH less than 7)
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Atom | The smallest particle of an element.
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Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Mass number | The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Base | A substance that is able to accept a hydrogen ion (proton). A basic solution contains that hydroxide ions (OH-). pH greater than 7.
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Alkali | A base that is soluble in water
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Charge | The amount of electricity on a particle – positive or negative.
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Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Neutron | Neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particles found moving rapidly around the nucleus.
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Electron Arrangement (configuration) | The position of the electrons in the energy level around the nucleus
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Antacids | Substances that are taken to relieve stomach acidity.
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Metal salts | Ionic compounds except oxides or hydroxides.
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Element | A substance which is composed of only one type of atom.
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Compound | A substance which is composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded.
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Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of Neutrons (ie same atomic number but different mass numbers).
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Particles | Atoms, molecules or ions.
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Ion | Atoms or groups of atoms which have lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle.
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Ionic bonding | Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions to form a large 3D network.
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Ionic compound | Substance composed of oppositely charged ions (metal with non-metal)
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Formula | Symbol representation of the atoms present in a substance.
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Symbol Equation | Symbol representation of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.
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Word Equation | Word representation of a chemical equation.
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Metal oxide | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and oxygen. (eg MgO)
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Metal hydroxide | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and hydroxide ions. (eg NaOH)
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Metal carbonate | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and carbonate ions (eg CaCO3 )
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Metal bicarbonate | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and a hydrogen carbonate ion. ( eg NaHCO3 ).
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Indicator | Substance that changes colour in the presence of acid or base.
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Litmus | A type of indicator
Red litmus- acid → red Red litmus – base →blue
Blue litmus- acid →red Blue litmus – base →blue.
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Universal indicator | Mixture of indicators that change colour at different pH’s.
pH 1→→→→→7→→→→→14
Red Green Blue
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pH | A number that represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in a solution.
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pH scale | A scale formed from the pH of different solutions.
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Neutral | Having a pH of 7, ie neither acidic nor basic.
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Neutralisation | Making an acidic solution less acidic or a basic solution less basic.
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Monoatomic ions | Ions with only one atom. eg Cl-
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Reaction rates | The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs.
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