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level 1 definitions for acids and bases NZ

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Term
Definition
Acid   A substance that is able to donate a hydrogen ion (proton). (Tastes sour; pH less than 7)  
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Atom   The smallest particle of an element.  
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Atomic number   The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.  
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Mass number   The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.  
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Base   A substance that is able to accept a hydrogen ion (proton). A basic solution contains that hydroxide ions (OH-). pH greater than 7.  
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Alkali   A base that is soluble in water  
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Charge   The amount of electricity on a particle – positive or negative.  
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Proton   Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.  
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Neutron   Neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.  
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Electron   Negatively charged subatomic particles found moving rapidly around the nucleus.  
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Electron Arrangement (configuration)   The position of the electrons in the energy level around the nucleus  
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Antacids   Substances that are taken to relieve stomach acidity.  
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Metal salts   Ionic compounds except oxides or hydroxides.  
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Element   A substance which is composed of only one type of atom.  
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Compound   A substance which is composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded.  
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Isotopes   Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of Neutrons (ie same atomic number but different mass numbers).  
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Particles   Atoms, molecules or ions.  
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Ion   Atoms or groups of atoms which have lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle.  
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Ionic bonding   Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions to form a large 3D network.  
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Ionic compound   Substance composed of oppositely charged ions (metal with non-metal)  
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Formula   Symbol representation of the atoms present in a substance.  
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Symbol Equation   Symbol representation of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.  
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Word Equation   Word representation of a chemical equation.  
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Metal oxide   Ionic substance consisting of a metal and oxygen. (eg MgO)  
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Metal hydroxide   Ionic substance consisting of a metal and hydroxide ions. (eg NaOH)  
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Metal carbonate   Ionic substance consisting of a metal and carbonate ions (eg CaCO3 )  
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Metal bicarbonate   Ionic substance consisting of a metal and a hydrogen carbonate ion. ( eg NaHCO3 ).  
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Indicator   Substance that changes colour in the presence of acid or base.  
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Litmus   A type of indicator Red litmus- acid → red Red litmus – base →blue Blue litmus- acid →red Blue litmus – base →blue.  
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Universal indicator   Mixture of indicators that change colour at different pH’s. pH 1→→→→→7→→→→→14 Red Green Blue  
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pH   A number that represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in a solution.  
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pH scale   A scale formed from the pH of different solutions.  
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Neutral   Having a pH of 7, ie neither acidic nor basic.  
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Neutralisation   Making an acidic solution less acidic or a basic solution less basic.  
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Monoatomic ions   Ions with only one atom. eg Cl-  
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Reaction rates   The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs.  
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