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Vocabulary words.

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Term
Definition
Secession   To secede or withdrawal (Eleven states broke away or seceded from the Union before the Civil War over the issues of states’ rights and slavery)  
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Union   States that remained united after the secession of eleven others. Commonly called “the North” or “the Free States” during the Civil War.  
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Confederacy   The eleven states that seceded from the Union before the Civil War over the issues of states’ rights and slavery. Commonly called “the South” or “the Slave States” during the Civil War.  
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Border States   The four states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. These states allowed for slavery, but did not withdrawal (secede) from the Union before the Civil War.  
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Popular Sovereignty   Giving people the power to decide issues in government. An example is the Kansas-Nebraska Act in which people were given the right to decide the slavery issue for themselves in their state  
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Topography   The study or description of surface features in a region including hills, mountains, valleys, rivers, ports, and plateaus (Very important during the Civil War- Ex. High Ground at Gettysburg and Mississippi River at Vicksburg)  
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Blockade   To isolate, close off, or surround a place such as a port (Examples in the Civil War were ports of New Orleans, Savannah, and Charleston blockaded by the Union)  
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Cash Crops   A crop that is heavily marketed for profit (examples were tobacco and cotton in the South)  
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Missouri Compromise   California entered the Union as a free state. The Southwest Territories would decide the slavery issue for themselves.  
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Compromise of 1850   California entered the Union as a free state. The Southwest Territories would decide the slavery issue for themselves.  
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Kansas-Nebraska Act   People in each state would decide the slavery issue (Popular Sovereignty)  
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Fort Sumter   The Confederate attack here marked the beginning of the Civil War  
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The First Battle of Manassas   Also called “Bull Run” and was the first MAJOR battle of the Civil War  
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Emancipation Proclamation   Issued by Abraham Lincoln and made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war (Many African-Americans joined the Union army as a result)  
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Battle of Vicksburg   Divided the South and gave the North control of the Mississippi River  
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Battle of Gettysburg   Was the turning point of the Civil War as the North repelled Lee’s invasion  
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Gettysburg Address   Given by Abe Lincoln who said the war was to preserve a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people”.  
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Appomattox Court House   Where Lee surrendered to Grant in 1865 to end the war  
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Abraham Lincoln   President of the United States during the Civil War who opposed the SPREAD of slavery and was determined to preserve the Union, by force if necessary. Issued the Emancipation Proclamation and wrote the Gettysburg Address.  
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Jefferson Davis   President of the Confederate States of America during the war  
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Ulysses S. Grant   General of the Union army that defeated Robert E. Lee  
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Robert E. Lee   leader of the Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate) who was offered full command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war, but chose not to fight against Virginia.  
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Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson   A skilled Confederate general from Virginia  
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Frederick Douglass   An enslaved African-American who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist (wrote the North Star newspaper)  
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Clara Barton   A Civil War nurse who created the American Red Cross  
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Robert Smalls   An African-American sailor and Union naval captain who was highly honored for his feats of bravery and heroism. He became a Congressman after the war.  
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