Anatomy exam II Posterior abdominal wall and GU system
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| What are the muscles of the posterior wall? (4) | 1. quadratus lumborum 2. psoas major 3. psoas minor 4. iliacus (iliopsoas)
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| What are all the muscles of the posterior wall innervated by? | the lumbar plexus
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| What are the 3 apertures of the diaphragm? | 1. caval hiatus 2. esophageal hiatus 3. aortic hiatus
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| The caval hiatus comes from ____ | T8
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| The esophageal hiatus comes from ____ | T10
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| The aortic hiatus comes from ___ | T12
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| The median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm contains the ___ and ___ | right crus and left crus
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| The medical arcuate ligament of the diaphragm contains the ___ | psoas major
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| The lateral arcuate ligament of the contains the ____ | quadratus lumborum
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| The abdominal aorta has ____ and ___ branches | somatic and visceral
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| The inferior phrenic arteries give rise to ____ _____ arteries | superior suprarenal
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| What are the 4 somatic branches of the abdominal aorta? | 1. inferior phrenic arteries 2. lumbar arteries 3. median sacral artery 4. common iliac arteries
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| What are the 3 single visceral branches of the abdominal aorta? | 1. celiac trunk 2. superior mesenteric artery 3. inferior mesenteric artery
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| What are the 3 paired viseral branches of teh abdominal aorta? | 1. middle suprarenal arteries 2. renal arteries 3. gonadal arteries
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| The ____ is formed by the fusion of the right and left common iliac veins | inferior vena cava
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| The inferior vena cava drains into 6 different veins. What are they? | 1. lumbar vv 2. r gonadal v 3. renal v 4. r suparenal v 5. inferior phrenic v 6. hepatic vv
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| The inferior vena cava is connected with the ____ system of veins in the thorax | azygos
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| The IVC is located _____ | retroperitoneally
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| The IVC ascends to the ___ and ____ of the aorta | right and posterior
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| The IVC traverses on posterior edge of teh ____ toward a more anterioe position | liver
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| The IVC passes through diaphragm at ____ level | T8
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| The portosystemic anastamoses is also known as _____ | portocaval anastamoses
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| The portosystemic anastamoses is a method of ____ venous circulation | collateral
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| Portosystemic anastamoses is important in _____ hypertension | portal
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| What are the 3 areas where there is overlap between the 2 systems? | 1. gastroesophageal 2. anal 3. periumbilical
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| All the blood in our body passes through each kidney ____ times every day | 400
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| Adults pass about ____ of urine each day depending on the fluids and food consumed | 1½ quarts
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| Normal urine is ____. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi | sterile
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| Kidneys are embedded within an accumulation of peritoneal fat called ____ | perinephic (perirenal) fat
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| The perinephretic fat is encased by a condensation of extraperitoneal fascia called the ____ | renal fascia
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| The renal fascia is encased in the ____ | paranephric fat
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| Kidneys are “____” shape with a medially-directed hilum | Bean
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| _____ is where the other structures such as the renal vessels and ureter are located | Hilum
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| The ___ kidney is slightly lower than the ____ kidney due to the liver | right; left
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| When the right and left kidneys are fused together is called ____ | horseshoe kindney
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| With a horseshoe kidney, it can lead to ____ obstruction or infection from ____ unrine and stones | ureter; unvoided
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| The ____ are a continuation of the renal pelvis | ureters
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| The ureters have restrictions at ___, ___ and ____ | uteropelvic junction; pelvic inlet; entrance to bladder
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| What is the blood supply for the kidneys? | R and L renal arteries
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| What are the 4 commonents of ureter blood supply? | 1. renal arteries 2. gonadal arteries 3. common iliac arteries 4. vesicular arteries
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| Suprarenal glands have a ___ and a ___ | cortex and a medulla
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| Suprarenal glands are also called _____ | adrenal glands
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| The adrenal glands major role is _____ | regulating the stress response
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| Adrenal medulla is special because it receives direct _____ | preganglionic sympathetic fibers
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| What is the blood supply to suprarenal glands? (3) | 1.superior suprarenal arteries 2. middle suprarenal artery 3. inferior suprarenal arteries
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| The ____ is the smooth region of the bladder between the two openings of the ureters (superiorly) and the internal urethral orifice (inferiorly) | trigone
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| Around the internal urethral orifice of teh bladder (in males only) is the ____ (smooth muscle) | internal urethral sphincter
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| The wall of the bladder is a smooth muscle called the ____ | detrusor muscle
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| The wall of the bladder is corrugated for the ___ ability | stretch
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| The urethra in females is ___ and empties into ____ | short; vestibule
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| The urethra in males is ____ and has 4 parts ____, ____, ____, ____ | long; preprostatic part; prostatic part; membranous oart; spongy part
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| Peristaltic transport of urine to urinary bladder through ____ | ureters
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| Ureters enter bladder through the ____ | ureteric orfices
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| Bladder fills and expands ___ | superiorly
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| During retention of urine the ____ is relaxed, in the ____ sphincter is contracted and there is an ____ contraction of the external sphincter | ddetrusor, internal; active
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| Distension of the bladder by filling requires pressure on the ureters to ____ filling | decreases
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| For eliminiation, there is relaxation of the ____ sphincter, contraction of the ____ muscle and relaxation of the ______ is voluntary | internal; detrusor; external sphincter
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| There is a _____ reflex where stretch receptors activated can stimulate preganglionic parasympathetics in sacral spinal cord and partially inhibit _____ nervous system activities | spinal; sympathetic and somatic
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| Intact nervous system essential for _____ to function properly | micturition
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| ____ uses a machine to filter blood since kidnes cannot | dialysis
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| Dialysis treatment lasts on average of ____hours | 3
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| Anterior lower limb is innervated by _____ divisions | posterior
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| Posterior lower limb is innervated by ____ divisions | anterior
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| Iliohypogastric nerve & Ilioinguinal nerve formed from ___ nerve root and innervate ____ abdominal wall | L1; anterior
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