Science Chapter 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food.
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Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food.
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Heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food.
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Pigment | A colored chemical compound that absorbs light.
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Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
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Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
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Respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release energy they contain.
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Fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
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Cell Cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
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Interphase | The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs.
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Replication | The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA and its nucleus.
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Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
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Chromosome | A double rod of condensed chromatin. It contains DNA that carries genetic information.
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Cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cell cycle in which the cell's cytoplasm divides.
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Cancer | A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
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Mutation | A change in a gene or chromosomes.
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Tumor | A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
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Chemotherapy | The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer.
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Nearly all living things obtain energy from the energy of ___________ captured during _____________________. | sunlight, photosynthesis
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During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and ____________ into _________ and _____________. | water, oxygen, sugars
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During ____________, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the ___________they contain. | respiration, energy
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Fermentation provides energy for cells without using ________________. | oxygen
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During _____________________, the cell grows, makes a copy of its ______, and prepares to divide into _________ daughter cells. | interphase, DNA, two
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During _________________, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of two _______________________ cells. | mitosis, daughter
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During ________________, the cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed into each of two new ______________. | cytokinesis, cells
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Because of the way in which the nitrogen bases pair with each other, the order of the bases in each new _________ molecule exactly matches the order in the _________________DNA molecule. | DNA, original
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_______________ begins when mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle , causing cell to divide in an __________________ way. | Cancer, uncontrolled
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There are three common ways to treat cancer: ____________, ______________, and ___________ that destroy the cancer cells. | surgery, radiation, drugs
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Explain the two stages of photosynthesis: | Stage One: Capturing the sun's energy
Stage Two: Using energy to make food
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Photosynthesis Equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Write the photosynthesis equation using words | Carbon dioxide + water - light energy - sugar + oxygen
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In DNA, which nitrogen base pairs with G? | Cytosine
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In DNA, which nitrogen base pairs with T? | Andenine
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Which treatment for cancer would one use if the cancer is found all throughout the body? | Chemotherapy
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Which treatment for cancer would one use if he cancer is localized in one mass called a tumor? | Surgery
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Which treatment for cancer is only in one organ, but it is spread out throughout that organ? | Radiation
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What are the six stages of the cell cycle? | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
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What happens during Interphase? | The cell grows to its mature size, makes a copy of DNA and prepares to divide into two cells
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What happens during Prophase? | Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes
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What happens during Anaphase? | The centrosomes split, the two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome. The new chromosomes mice to opposite ends of the cell.
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What happens during Telophase? | The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance. A nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes.
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What happens during Cytokinesis? | The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell and the cell splits in two.
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Explain the two stages of respiration | 1. In the cytoplasm glucose is broken down and a small amount of energy is released.
2. In the mitochondria the smaller molecules are mixed with carbon dioxide and water and a large amount of energy is released.
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Respiration Equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
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Write the respiration equation using words | Sugar + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
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