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Biology Chapter 3 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
cell theory   theory that states that all organisms are made up of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life  
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cytoplasm   jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles  
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organelle   membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distant process within a cell  
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prokaryotic cell   cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles  
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eukaryotic cell   cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles  
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cytoskeleton   network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell  
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nucleus   organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA  
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endoplasmic reticulum   interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute  
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ribosome   organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins  
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Golgi apparatus   stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins  
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vesicle   small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm  
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mitochondria   bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell as has its own ribosomes and DNA  
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vacuole   organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food or enzymes, that are needed by the cell  
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lysosome   organelle that contains enzymes  
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centriole   small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis  
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cell wall   rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria  
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chloroplast   organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll  
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cell membrane   double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell  
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phospholipid   molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids  
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fluid mosaic model   model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane  
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selective permeability   condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane  
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receptor   protein that detects a signals molecule and preforms and action in response  
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passive transport   movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell  
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diffusion   movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration  
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concentration gradient   difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another  
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osmosis   diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membranes from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration  
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isotonic   solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compare with another solution  
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hypertonic   solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared wit another solution  
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hypotonic   solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared to with another solution  
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facilitated diffusion   diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane  
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active transport   energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration  
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endocytosis   uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane  
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phagocytosis   uptake of soil particle into a cell by engulfing that particle  
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exocytosis   release of substance's out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane  
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Created by: AlyssaH2021
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