Biology Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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cell theory | theory that states that all organisms are made up of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life
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cytoplasm | jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles
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organelle | membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distant process within a cell
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prokaryotic cell | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
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eukaryotic cell | cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
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cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell
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nucleus | organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA
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endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute
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ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins
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Golgi apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins
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vesicle | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm
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mitochondria | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell as has its own ribosomes and DNA
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vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food or enzymes, that are needed by the cell
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lysosome | organelle that contains enzymes
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centriole | small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis
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cell wall | rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria
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chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll
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cell membrane | double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell
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phospholipid | molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids
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fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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selective permeability | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
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receptor | protein that detects a signals molecule and preforms and action in response
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passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell
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diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
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concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
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osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membranes from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration
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isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compare with another solution
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hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared wit another solution
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hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared to with another solution
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facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane
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active transport | energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
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endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane
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phagocytosis | uptake of soil particle into a cell by engulfing that particle
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exocytosis | release of substance's out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
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