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Chemistry in Life

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Term
Definition
atom   the smallest basic unit of matter  
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element   one particular type of atom; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means  
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compound   a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio  
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ion   an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons  
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ionic bond   forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions  
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covalent bond   forms when atoms share a pair of electrons  
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molecule   two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds  
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hydrogen bond   an attraction between a slightly positive atom and a slightly negative atom. often oxygen and nitrogen  
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cohesion   the attraction among molecules of a substance  
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adhesion   the attraction among molecules of different substances  
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solution   a mixture of substances that is the same throughout- it is a homogeneous mixture  
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solvent   the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance  
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solute   the substance that dissolves in a solvent  
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acid   a compound that releases a proton  
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bases   compounds that removes the H* ions from a solution  
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pH   a solution's acidity, or H* ion concentration, is measured by this scale  
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monomer   each subunit in the complete molecule  
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polymer   a large molecule, or macromolecule  
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carbohydrates   molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and they include sugars and starches  
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lipids   nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils and cholesterol  
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fatty acids   chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms  
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protein   a polymer made of monomers called amino acids  
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amino acids   molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur  
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nucleic acids   polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides  
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chemical reaction   change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds  
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reactants   the substances changed during a chemical reaction  
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products   the substances made by a chemical reaction  
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bond energy   the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms  
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equilibrium   is reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate  
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activation energy   the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start  
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exothermic   a chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs  
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endothermic   a chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases  
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catalyst   a substance that decreases activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the rate of a chemical reaction  
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enzymes   catalysts for chemical reactions in living things  
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substrates   the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on  
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Created by: martinl21
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