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This study stack includes terminology for Mendelian Genetics.

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Question
Answer
homozygous   2 of the same allele (AA, aa)  
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Heterozygous   2 different alleles (Aa)  
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Dominant   this allele shows up (A)  
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Recessive   this allele can be hidden (a)  
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Genotype   the genetic make up (Aa, aa, AA)  
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Phenotype   physical appearance (i.e. hair color)  
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traits   Characteristics that are inherited  
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alleles   Different forms of a gene  
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Punnett square   A diagram for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of known genetic makeup.  
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Incomplete dominance   A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.  
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Codominance   A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed  
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Multiple alleles   A gene that has more than two alleles  
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mutation   a change in a DNA sequence  
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silent mutation   point mutation that does not change the resulting protein (change in a base, but no change in protein function)  
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missense mutation   point mutation that changes one amino acid in the resulting protein  
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nonsense mutation   point mutation that inserts a stop codon and shortens the resulting protein  
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frame-shift mutation   changes how bases are grouped into codons, or the reading frame of the gene  
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chromosomal deletion   chromosomal mutation that removes a large segment of genetic material  
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chromosomal duplication   mutation that causes genes to be repeated on the same chromosome  
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chromosomal inversion   mutation that flips the order of genes on a chromosome  
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Created by: kmaddix
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