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Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Where do germ line mutations occur?   Gametes  
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Where do somatic mutations occur?   Somatic cells of the body  
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What is a conditional mutation?   Mutation is only expressed in certain environmental conditions  
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What is a loss-of-function mutation?   Loss of gene product  
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What is a hypomorphic mutation?   Reduced gene expression  
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What is a hypermorphic mutation?   Increased expression of gene  
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What is a gain-of-function mutation?   Gene expresssion where it shouldn't be (ectopic expression)  
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What is a transition nucleotide substitution?   Where a purine is replaced by a purine or pyramiding is replaced by a pyrimidine  
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What is a transversion nucleotide substitution?   Where a purine/pyrimidine is replaced by a pyrimidine/purine  
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What is a silent mutation?   Occurs in the non-coding region or does not change the amino acid sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code  
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What is a missense mutation?   A single nucleotide substitution which changes the sequence of the amino acid  
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What is a nonesense mutation?   What a single nucleotide substitution changes the codon for an amino acid, to a stop codon  
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What is a frame shift mutation?   An addition/deletion of a nucleotide, which shifts the whole reading frame  
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The cell can use damage prevention. What happens here?   The cell has enzymes that can detoxify mutagens  
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The cell can use damage reversal. What happens here?   Thymine diners can be excised and replaced  
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The cell can use mismatch repair. What happens here?    
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  The cell corrects the errors it has made in DNA replication  
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