test review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| grass | Runner
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| Iris | Rhizomes
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| potatoes | tubers
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| daffodils | Bulbs
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| banana | Corms
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| airplane plant | Plantlet
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| kalanchoe | Plantlet
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| gladiotes | Corms
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| Belgians | Corms
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| tulips | Bulbs
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| garlic | Bulbs
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| onions | bulbs
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| yams | Tubers
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| ferns | Rhizomes
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| strawberries | Runner
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| What does the term “alternation of generations” refer to? | life cycle of plants has 2 alternating
phases: the diploid (2N) sporophyte
phase and the haploid (N) gametophyte
stage.
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| How has the period of time a plant spends in the gametophyte phase changed over the evolution of plants? | The gametophyte phase has shortened and the sporophyte phase had increased.
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| In moss, what is the term for the female reproductive organ where eggs are formed ? | Archegonia
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| What is the advantage of angiosperms in term of seed dispersal? | The seeds often are transported away from the parent plant thereby lessening competition for nutrients and water with the parent plant as well as increasing the range that the species are located.
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| What is the name of the vascular tissue that transports water upward from the roots to every part of the plant? | The Xylem
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| In ferns, what is the name of the organ that produces eggs? | Archegonia
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| Archegonia | forms and produces eggs,
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| Which species are all land plants thought to have evolved from? | Green algae
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| What is germination? | Germination is when the seed “sprouts”: The seed coat swells and opens and stems and roots emerge. “Seed to seedling”
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| What do the terms “monocot” and “dicot” refer to? | The number of leaves an embryonic plant has within the seed
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| Describe the artificial plant propagation technique of “cutting”. What type of plants can be propagated this way? | Cutting is when a plant stem or leaf is cut from one plant and placed in water and dirt to form a new plant. Coleus and African violets are examples of plants that can be propagated this way.
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| Which evolutionary adaptation in plants allowed them to colonize even the driest environments? | The seed!
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| What 3 conditions must be optimal for a seed to germinate? | The amount of water, oxygen, and temperature.
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| In seed plants, where is the male gametophyte contained? | It is contained within the
pollen grain.
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| Why were the first plants confined to areas where there was water and moisture? | Because early plants depended on water (through which the sperm swam to the egg) for reproduction.
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| What is the name of the vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis? | The Phloem
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| What are tubers and give an example of plants that reproduce using them? | Tubers are swollen underground stems used for storage. Examples of tubers are potatoes, sweet potatoes, and yams
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| What is a seed? | A seed is a plant embryo and food
supply, encased in a protective covering
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| In seed plants, in what structures do the gametes develop? | Cones or flowers
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| What is an angiosperm? | Flowering plants that bear their seeds in flowers inside a layer of tissue that protects the seeds.
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| What develops from the radicle portion of an embryonic plant? | The roots
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| What is the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures called? | Pollination
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| Pollination | the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures
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| What is contained within a pollen grain? | Two sperm
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| Which part of the flower becomes the seed? | The ovules
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| What are plantlets and give an example of plants that reproduce using them? | Plantlets have small baby plants growing on the parent plant. Examples of plants that can reproduce this way are the airplane plant, kalanchoe, and the Dutchmans’ pipe.
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| What is a cotyledon? | An embryonic plant leaf within the seed.
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| In monocots, floral parts are often found in what multiple of parts? | Flower parts are found in multiples of 3
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| What is a pollen tube? | The tube that forms once the pollen lands on the female reproductive structure and creates a passage for the sperm to travel to fertilize the egg.
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| What part of the plant develops from the hypocotyl? | The stem below the cotyledons
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| What part of the plant contains sperm? | The pollen in the anther.
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| What is the purpose of the seed coat? | The seed coat protects the embryonic plant from the harsh environment. It protects it until conditions are right for germination.
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| List different kinds of pollinators. | Mammals, birds, bees, other insects and the wind.
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| In ferns, what is the name of the organ that produces sperm? | Antheridia
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| How are angiosperm seeds dispersed? (Name at least two methods.) | Through wind, water, attaching to animals passing by, fruit eaten and seeds defecated by animals, and by “explosion.
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| In moss, what is the term for the male reproductive organ where sperm are formed ? | Antheridium
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| What type of plant sprout and grow short stems and maybe some leaves the first year and grows new stems, leaves, flowers, and seed before dying in the second year. | A biennial
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| Which part of the flower becomes the fruit? | ovary
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| How are the veins of a dicot leaf arranged? | They branch out on the leaf.
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| Why do gymnosperms spend so much energy making pollen? | Because they do not have pollinators and are at the mercy of wind dispersal of pollen.
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| What is a gymnosperm? | Gymnosperm means “naked seed”. They bear their seeds directly on the scales of cones.
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| What are the structures found in a seed? | A seed coat, an embryonic plant: cotyledons, epicotyls, hypocotyls, radicles, and endosperm.
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| What adaptations allow seed plants to reproduce without open water? | 1) A reproductive process that takes place in cones or flowers
2) The transfer of sperm by pollination
3) The protection of the embryos in seeds
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| How are the veins of a monocot plant arranged? | They are parallel to each other on the leaf
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| How long can embryonic plants stay dormant in its protective seed coating? | From 10 to 1000 years
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| What are rhizomes and give an example of plants that reproduce using them? | Rhizomes are horizontal stems below the ground. Fern and irises can reproduce this way.
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| What part of the plant develops from the epicotyl? | The stem above the cotyledon leaves and leaves.
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| In dicots, floral parts are often found in what multiple of parts? | Flower parts are found in multiples of 4 or 5.
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| The haploid sperms of the fern develop on the underside of the fronds in what structure? | The sporangia
and/or sorus
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| What is an imperfect flower? | A flower that contains either a male or a female reproductive part of a plant.
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| How are the vascular tissues in a monocot arranged? | Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.
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| What is the function of the endosperm in the seed? | The endosperm is a source of food for the embryonic plant and during germination. It is mostly starch with some protein and oils.
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| How are the vascular tissues in a dicot arranged? | Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring in the stem.
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| What kind of root does a monocot have? | A fibrous root.
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| What do you call a plant that grow from a seed to maturity within a year? | An annual.
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| What kind of plant reproduction doesn’t require seeds? | Asexual reproduction.
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| What are runners and give an example of a plant that uses them to reproduce? | Runners (or stolons) are horizontal roots above the ground. Strawberries and grass are examples.
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| What kind of root does a dicot have? | A taproot
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| Describe the artificial plant propagation technique of “layering”. What type of plants can be propagated this way? | Layering is when a branch is bent to the ground and covered with soil to form a new plant. Forsythia and raspberries are examples of plants that can be propagated this way.
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| What type of plants have stems that die in the winter and are replaced in the spring, most having woody stems? | A perennials
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| If a plant had 12 petals, how can you tell if it is a monocot or dicot? | Look at the leaves of the plant and determine how the veins run.
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| Describe the artificial method of propagating plants called “grafting”. | Grafting is when a twig from one type of plant is placed against the exposed body of another plant and bound together.
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| Grafting is when a twig from one type of plant is placed against the exposed body of another plant and bound together. | A flower that contains both male and female reproductive parts of a plant.
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| List different adaptations of angiosperms that attract pollinators. | Petals of different colors, nectar, oils, mimic mates,
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| What are corms and give an example of plants that reproduce using them? | Corms are thick button-shaped underground stem that store food. Examples of plants that can reproduce this way are gladiolus, begonias, and bananas.
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| green algae are now considered to be | plants
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| Seeds dispersed by animals are typically | enclosed in fleshy, nutritious fruits
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| The parts of a flower that form the fruit are the | carpel
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| Seeds dispersed by water are typically | lightweight
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| Seed Dispersal | - Explosion
- Animals
- Pollinates
- Wind
- Water
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| Female reproductive system | archegonia
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| Male reproductive part | antheridium
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| Photosynthesis | phloem
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| Perfect flower | both male and female parts
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| 1 embryonic leaf | monocot
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| 2 embryonic leaves | dicot
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| branched leaves | dicot
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| multiples of flowers 3 | monocot
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| multiples of flower 4 or 5 | dicot
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| fibrous | monocot
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| tap roots | dicot
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| number of leaves on the plant | cotyledon
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| ovule becomes | fruit
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| anther | pollen sacs
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| spores are formed in the | sporangium
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| starch, oil, proteins | endosperm
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| seeds determine if it's a fruit or plant | true
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| What are seed banks, who owns them, what is their purpose?? | A place that stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity, The Government corporations, their purpose is in case we run out of food or a plant species the seed banks help replenish them.
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| birds and bees | color - attracts the animal
archid -gets close inside, flower dumps
pollen on to it
petals - animal messenger for them to come
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| How do humans use plants? | We use plants for food, and for oxygen, for cosemetics, dyes,
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