2. Basic Chemistry
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What occupies space and has weight? | Matter
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| What are the three states of matter? | Solid, liquid, and gas
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| What is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions | Element
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| Elements that are present in tiny amounts in the body are known as _________. | Trace elements
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| What four elements make up 96% of the body weight | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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| The smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics is called a/an __________ | Atom
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| Symbol for Oxygen | O
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| Symbol for Carbon | C
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| Symbol for Hydrogen | H
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| Symbol for Nitrogen | N
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| Symbol for Calcium | Ca
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| Symbol for Phosphorus | P
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| Symbol for Potassium | K
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| Symbol for Sulfur | S
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| Symbol for Sodium | Na
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| Symbol for Chlorine | Cl
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| Symbol for Mangesium | Mg
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| Symbol for Iron | Fe
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| Symbol for Iron | Fe
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| Symbol for Iodine | I
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| This subatomic particle carries a positive (+) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus | Proton
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| This subatomic particle carries a neutral (no) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus | Neutron
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| This subatomic particle is negatively charged and can be found circling the nucleus in orbits | Electron
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| The number of protons in the nucleus is called the _________ | Atomic number
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| The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is known as the ________ | Atomic weight
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| If one adds one or more neutrons to an atom you create a _________ | Isotope
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| Unstable isotopes are called _________ | Radioisotopes
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| The process of spontaneous breakdown (decay) is called _________ | Radioactivity
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| The first electron shell of an atom contains how many electrons | Two
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| The electrical attraction between atoms is a _________ | Chemical bond
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| The three types of chemical bonds are _______, _______, and ________ | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds
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| Transferring electrons between atoms creates a/an ______ bond | Ionic
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| Sharing electrons by the outer shells of the atoms results in what type of bond? | Covalent bond
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| The study of carbon containing substances is called _____________ | Organic chemistry
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| The study of non–carbon containing substances is called _______ | Inorganic chemistry
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| A bond that occurs between polar molecules (having one end + and one end – charged) is called a ________ bond | Hydrogen bond
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| Elements that carry an electrical charge are called _____ | Ions
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| If an ion is positively charged, it is called a/an ________ | Cation
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| If an ion is negatively charged, it is called a/an ______ | Anion
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| A substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water is called a/an ________ | Electrolyte
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| Ions are formed when elements give up or gain a/an __________ | Electron
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| This cation is important in fluid balance, is the main extracellular cation, and also important for nerve–muscle function | Sodium: Na+
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| This cation is a major component of bones and teeth, is important for blood clotting and muscle function | Calcium: Ca+2
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| This cation is a component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport) | Iron: Fe+2
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| This cation is important in acid–base balance | Hydrogen: H+
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| This cation is the chief intracellular cation | Potassium: K+
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| This anion is the primary extracellular anion | Chloride: Cl–
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| This anion is important in acid–base regulation | Bicarbonate: HCO–3
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| This anion is a component of bones and teeth, also a component of ATP (cellular energy molecule) | Phosphate:
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| When an electrolyte splits, or breaks apart in solution, the electrolyte is said to _______ | Dissociate
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| The process of dissociation is referred to as ________ | Ionization
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| When two or more atoms bond together, they form a _______ | Molecule
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| A substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms is called a __________ | Compound
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| The most abundant compound in the body is _______ | Water: H20
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| Name 5 things that make water so special? | Water is universal solvent, water as a temperature regulator, water as an ideal lubricant, water in chemical reactions, and water as a protective device
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| The molecule that we breathe is called __________ | Oxygen: O2
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| This compound is a waste product of metabolism and is eliminated through the lungs | Carbon dioxide: CO2
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| A process whereby the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations is called a ________ | Chemical reaction
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| Chemical substances that speed up the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction are called __________ | Catalysts
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| When proteins act as catalysts they are called _________ | Enzymes
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| An electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion (– ion) is called a/an ________ | Acid
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| HCl dissociates completely into H+ and Cl– therefore it is a strong ________ | Acid
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| Vinegar does not dissociate completely into H+ and acetate therefore it is a/an ________ acid | Weak
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| These substances are the opposite of acids and usually contain hydroxyl ion (OH–) | Bases
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| The unit of measurement of H+ in a solution is called _________ | pH
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| The pH scale ranges from ____ to _____ | 0–14
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| A substance with a pH between 7 – 14 would be said to be acidic or basic | Basic
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| The pH of blood is maintained between the range of ____ to _____ | 7.35–7.45
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| With reference to the pH of human blood a pH below 7.35 is said to be ________ | Acidosis
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| With reference to the pH of human blood a pH above 7.45 is said to be _______ | Alkalosis
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| What three systems or organs regulate blood pH on a minute–by–minute basis? | A buffer system, the lungs, and the kidneys
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| The ability to perform work is known as ________ | Energy
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| Name the six forms of energy | Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Radiant, Thermal, and Nuclear
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| Energy that causes movement is _______ energy | Mechanical
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| Energy stored in chemical bonds is ______ energy | Chemical
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| Energy released from the movement of charged particles is _____ energy | Electrical
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| Energy that travels in waves is called _______ energy | Radiant
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| Energy transferred because of a temperature difference is called ______ energy | Thermal
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| Energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes is called ______ energy | Nuclear
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| An isotope is formed by adding what to the nucleus of an atom? | Neutron(s)
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| The energy transfer molecule of the human body is ______ | Adenosine triphosphate; ATP
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| A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means and when separated retain their original properties are called a ________ | Mixture
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| If particles in a mixture remain evenly distributed in the fluid it is called a ________ | Solution
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| A solution has two parts. What are those parts? | Solute and solvent
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| The substance in a solution that is present in the smallest amount is called the _______ | Solute
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| The substance in a solution that is present in the greater amount is called the _______ | Solvent
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| If water is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________ solution | Aqueous
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| If alcohol is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________ | Tincture
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| If one has a mixture in which the particles are large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken it is called a _________ | Suspension
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| If the particles do not dissolve, but they are so small that they remain suspended within the liquid, even when not being shaken this is called a __________ suspension | Colloidal
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