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Origin of Life and Cellular Evolution

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Question
Answer
What links the 3 domains of life ( Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya)   a common ancestor  
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Possible location for origin of life ( newer idea )   Hydrothermal Vents  
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What is likely source of some of the organic molecules that may have been important in the origin of life   meteorites  
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First Fossil evidence of life... # of years ago   3.5 bya  
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When some rocks show chemical evidence of life w/o fossils   3.8 bya  
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Location of some of the first fossil evidence of life ( give two different places)   Stomatolites ( in oceans) and fossils in volcanic rock (fossils are normally found in sedimentary rock)  
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organisms associated with stomatolites   cyanobacteria  
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One very important contribution of cyanobacteria   they did photosynthesis and produced oxygen which eventually accumulated in the atmosphere  
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Type of cell that is found in Archaea and Cyanobacteria   prokaryotic  
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What is missing from a prokaryotic cell   Nucleus bound in a membrane and organelles bound in membranes  
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What do all cells have in common   ribosomes ( to make protein) , plasma membrane, DNA ( genetic material) and cytoplasm  
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What do fossils in volcanic rock suggest about the first life on earth   cell activity was early in the earth history while the earth was still very volcanic and molten in the process of cooling. Life may have originated in volcanic environments such as hydrothermal vents  
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What is true about the habitat of Archaea   they live in extreme environments such as hot springs, ocean vents ( also very salty environments and anaerobic locations like the bottoms of swamps or in intestines ... they make methane)  
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Explain how Archaea get their nourishment   they are autotrophs but not photoautotrophs ( no photosynthesis) ... they do chemosynthesis ( use chemicals).  
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On the timeline of Earth... when did oxygen accumulate in the atmosphere ..... this led the way for the development of ?   1.8 bya .... lead way to the development of eukaryotes  
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What type of cells have a nucleus with a membrane(DNA is located in the nucleus in structures called chromosomes)... also has membrane bound organelles... and can exist as unicellular or multicellular cells   Eukaryotic cells  
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Which organisms have eukaryotic cells ( name 4 groups)   Plant, Animal, Fungi, and Protist  
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Oxygen joined together as 3 atoms ( O3) to make ? to protect from ? radiation   ozone.... UV  
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function of mitochondria and chloroplast two membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells   mitochondria do cellular respiration (turning food into ATP to make usable energy)... chloroplasts do photosynthesis ( storing light energy as food)  
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How are mitochondria and chloroplasts like a prokaryote   they are about the same size, have their own DNA, have similar ribosomes, and can reproduce by splitting in half...  
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What is the endosymbiont theory   it explain how prokaryotes may have evolved into eukaryotic cells... separate prokaryotic cells joined in a symbiotic relationship where they both benefited. Eventually the internal bacteria was passed on from generation to generation  
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