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Bio ecology definiti

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Term
Definition
Community   All the populations in a defined area  
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Ecosystem   A community plus all the non-living matter in the area, e.g a forest includes not only the inhabitants but also the non-living parts of the soil  
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Heterotroph   Organism that obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms  
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Consumer   Organism that feeds on other organisms or parts of other organisms which it kills in the process.  
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Herbivore   Animal that feeds on plants  
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Carnivore   Animal that feeds on other animals  
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Omnivore   Animal that feeds on both plants and animals  
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Parasite   Organism that feeds on another organism (the host) without killing it  
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Decomposer   Organism that feeds on dead organic matter  
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Energy and nutrient flow   The energy that drives an ecosystem is ultimately converted to heat which cannot be re-used and is radiated out into space. Energy flow through and ecosystem is thus linear. Matter on the other hand is recycled  
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Food Chain   A series of organisms through which energy flows; first link is always a plant  
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Grazing food chain   Food chain in which the first link is living plant matter and the second kink is a herbivore  
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Detritus food chain   Food chain in which the first link is dead plant matter and the second link is a decomposer  
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Food web   A system of interconnected food chains  
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Trophic level   Position of an organism in a food chain; p;ants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, ect  
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Food pyrimid   A graphic representation of the structure of a food chain, depicted as a pyramid having a broad base formed by producers and tapering to a point formed by end consumers.  
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Succession   Progressive change in the composition of a community over time, leading eventually to a stable climax community. Primary succession begins with initially hostile conditions that are gradually made more fertile as a result of colonisation in pioneer plants  
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Stratification   Vertical layering of the vegetation in a forest into emergents, canopy, sub-canopy, shrub layer, ground layer  
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Zonation   Change in the composition of a community along a physical environmental gradient, e.g up a rocky shore of up a mountain  
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Habitat   The place where an organism lives  
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Environment   The sum total of all the factors in the surroundings that influence an organism  
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Niche   The way an organism makes its living, its role in the community  
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Adaptation   Any inherited feature that increases the chances that an organism will survive and reproduce  
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Physical environment   Includes factors such as temperature, light intensity, humidity, salinity, pH, wind, and waterflow  
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Biotic environment   Includes factors such as food, organisms, competition, predation, paratism  
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Created by: brianalyonswh
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