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Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Metal   A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity  
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malleable   can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets and other shapes  
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ductile   can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire  
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conductivity   ability to transfer heat or electricity to another object  
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reactivity   the ease and speed that an element combines or reacts with other elements  
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corrosion   the gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction  
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alkali metals   an element in Group 1, from lithium to francium  
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alkaline earth metals   an element in Group 2, from Beryllium to Radium  
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transition metals   elements in Groups 3 -12, hard and shiny, good conductors of electricity, form colorful compounds  
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Lanthanides   soft, malleable shiny metals with high conductivity  
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Alloy   a mixture of a metal with at least one other element, usually another metal  
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actinides   elements below lanthanides, 1st 4 occur naturally on Earth, others made in a lab  
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Synthetic Elements   Elements with atomic numbers higher than 92  
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particle accelerators   a machine that moves atomic nuclei at higher and higher speeds until they crash into one another, sometimes forming heavier elements  
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Nonmetal   an element that lacks most of the properties of metal Physical Properties: dull and brittle, can break and crumble, poor conductors of electricity and heat Chemical Properties: reactive with other elements, form compounds, can share electrons  
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Diatomic molecule   Consists of two atoms  
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Halogen   Elements from group 17 - salt forming  
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Semiconductors   substances that can conduct electricity only under some conditions; used to make computer chips, transistors, & lasers  
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Metalloids   have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; solid at room temperature; brittle; hard; somewhat reactive  
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Noble Gas   unreactive; do not gain, lose or share electrons; exist only in small amounts  
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Hydrogen   element with the simplest and smallest atoms; makes up 90% of atoms in universe; sun and stars mostly made up of it  
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nebula   eventually a star shrinks and the element spreads into space forming a cloud like region of gases  
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supernova   huge explosion that breaks apart a massive star, producing temperature up to 1 billion degrees Celsius; -provides enough energy for the nuclear fusion reactions that create the heaviest elements  
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Nuclear Fusion   process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy -occurs in stars, combining smaller nuclei into larger nuclei creating heavier elements  
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plasma   -state of matter consist of a gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of electrons - can be produced by high-voltage or electrical spark -forms inside fluorescent light, flat screen TVs -Sun's plasma is under high pressure  
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Atomic # =   # of protons  
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Atomic # =   # of electrons  
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# of protons =   # of electrons  
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Rounded off atomic mass - atomic # =   # of neutrons  
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