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Heredity

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Term
Definition
DNA   a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live  
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chromosomes   in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.  
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cell cycle   the life cycle of a cell  
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interphase   the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of a cell divisions  
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mitosis   in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell divisions that form two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes  
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cytokinesis   the division of the cytoplasm of a cell  
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asexual reproduction   the reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent  
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sexual reproduction   reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that share traits from both parents  
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fertilization   the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote  
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heredity   the passing of genetic material from parent to offspring  
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gene   one set of instruments for an inherited trait  
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allele   one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color  
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genotype   the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits.  
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phenotype   an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristics  
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dominant   describes an allele that is fully expressed whenever the allele is present in an individual  
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recessive   describes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait.  
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incomplete dominance   a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents.  
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codominance   a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a combination of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents.  
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punnet square   a graphic used to predict the result of a genetic cross.  
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probability   the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event  
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ratio   a comparison of two numbers using division  
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pedigree   a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.  
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Created by: BellaRamos
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