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Weather and Climate: Chapter Two

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Term
Definition
thermometer   an instrument used to measure temperature.  
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wind   the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.  
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anemometer   an instrument used to measure wind speed.  
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wind vane   an instrument used to measure wind direction.  
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local winds   winds that blow over short distances.  
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global winds   winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances.  
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jet streams   bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface.  
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evaporation   the process by which water molecules escape into the air as water vapor. (Think: The water cycle)  
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humidity   the measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.  
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psychrometer   an instrument used to measure the relative humidity in the air. (Think: water vapor)  
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clouds   formed when water vapor in the atmosphere become liquid water or ice particles.  
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cumulus   clouds that form less than two kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton.  
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stratus   clouds that forms in flat layers.  
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cirrus   wispy, feathery clouds mostly made of ice crystals that form at high levels.  
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precipitation   any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.  
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rain   precipitation in the form of liquid water.  
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sleet   precipitation in the form of tiny ice particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter.  
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freezing rain   raindrops that freeze when they land on a cold surface.  
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hail   precipitation in the form of ice particles greater than 5 millimeters in diameter.  
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snow   precipitation in the form of water vapor that is converted into ice crystals.  
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rain gauge   an instrument that measures the amount of rainfall.  
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droughts   long periods of low precipitation.  
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